The review discusses the emerging role of senescent microglia in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain aging is a significant risk factor for conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS, and cellular senescence is believed to contribute to cellular dysfunction and inflammaging. The accumulation of senescent microglia, which are vulnerable to aging, may accelerate brain aging and increase vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases. Senescent microglia exhibit altered immune functions and interactions with other brain cells, potentially contributing to the progression of these diseases. Recent studies suggest that targeting senescent microglia could be a promising therapeutic approach. The review highlights the potential of senolytics, metabolic reprogramming, and anti-inflammatory strategies to rejuvenate senescent microglia and mitigate neurodegenerative diseases. The authors emphasize the need for further research to understand the complex interplay between microglial senescence and brain aging, and to develop effective therapeutic strategies.The review discusses the emerging role of senescent microglia in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain aging is a significant risk factor for conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS, and cellular senescence is believed to contribute to cellular dysfunction and inflammaging. The accumulation of senescent microglia, which are vulnerable to aging, may accelerate brain aging and increase vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases. Senescent microglia exhibit altered immune functions and interactions with other brain cells, potentially contributing to the progression of these diseases. Recent studies suggest that targeting senescent microglia could be a promising therapeutic approach. The review highlights the potential of senolytics, metabolic reprogramming, and anti-inflammatory strategies to rejuvenate senescent microglia and mitigate neurodegenerative diseases. The authors emphasize the need for further research to understand the complex interplay between microglial senescence and brain aging, and to develop effective therapeutic strategies.