Emerging underwater survey technologies are transforming the way we explore and understand the underwater world. This review highlights recent advancements in underwater survey equipment, their operational benefits, and potential areas for future development. Key technologies include advanced sonar systems, such as multibeam and sidescan sonars, which provide high-resolution images of the seafloor and enable detailed mapping of underwater features. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with sophisticated sensors and cameras allow for precise data collection in challenging environments, such as deep-sea areas or complex underwater structures. These technologies offer significant improvements in accuracy, efficiency, and data quality, leading to better decision-making in industries such as offshore energy, marine research, and underwater archaeology. The future of underwater survey technologies is promising, with growing interest in integrated systems that combine multiple sensors and data processing capabilities to provide a more comprehensive view of underwater environments. Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms are increasingly used to analyze large datasets and extract valuable insights. However, challenges remain, such as the need for better underwater communication systems, improved battery life for autonomous vehicles, and enhanced data processing capabilities. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the continued advancement of underwater survey technologies. Advanced sonar systems, including multibeam and sidescan sonars, are at the forefront of underwater surveying. Multibeam sonar systems generate detailed 3D maps of the seafloor, aiding in offshore infrastructure development, environmental monitoring, and marine research. Sidescan sonar systems provide detailed images of the seafloor and underwater structures, useful for archaeological surveys and infrastructure inspections. Both technologies are integral to modern underwater surveying, offering enhanced mapping capabilities and operational efficiencies. AUVs are revolutionizing underwater surveying by offering advanced sensor capabilities and operational benefits. They can collect large amounts of data efficiently and operate autonomously, reducing the risk to human life and enabling exploration in hazardous environments. AUVs are used in marine research, environmental monitoring, and offshore industries, providing valuable data for various applications. Integrated survey systems combine multiple sensors and technologies into a single platform, allowing for more comprehensive and efficient data collection. These systems enhance data accuracy and reliability, leading to better decision-making in underwater operations. Future developments in integrated systems may involve the integration of multimodal sensors and real-time data analysis to further enhance efficiency and accuracy. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are playing an increasingly important role in underwater surveying, enabling advanced data analysis and decision-making. These technologies improve the efficiency and effectiveness of underwater surveys by automating tasks and providing real-time insights. Future advancements in AI and ML are expected to further enhance underwater survey capabilities, leading to more autonomous and intelligent underwater vehicles. Despite these advancements, challenges such as environmental factors, equipment durability, and sustainability remain. Future developments in underwater survey technologies will focus on addressing these challenges, improving the reliability and efficiency of survey equipment, and ensuring sustainable practices in underwater exploration and research. Continued research and development in this field are essentialEmerging underwater survey technologies are transforming the way we explore and understand the underwater world. This review highlights recent advancements in underwater survey equipment, their operational benefits, and potential areas for future development. Key technologies include advanced sonar systems, such as multibeam and sidescan sonars, which provide high-resolution images of the seafloor and enable detailed mapping of underwater features. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with sophisticated sensors and cameras allow for precise data collection in challenging environments, such as deep-sea areas or complex underwater structures. These technologies offer significant improvements in accuracy, efficiency, and data quality, leading to better decision-making in industries such as offshore energy, marine research, and underwater archaeology. The future of underwater survey technologies is promising, with growing interest in integrated systems that combine multiple sensors and data processing capabilities to provide a more comprehensive view of underwater environments. Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms are increasingly used to analyze large datasets and extract valuable insights. However, challenges remain, such as the need for better underwater communication systems, improved battery life for autonomous vehicles, and enhanced data processing capabilities. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the continued advancement of underwater survey technologies. Advanced sonar systems, including multibeam and sidescan sonars, are at the forefront of underwater surveying. Multibeam sonar systems generate detailed 3D maps of the seafloor, aiding in offshore infrastructure development, environmental monitoring, and marine research. Sidescan sonar systems provide detailed images of the seafloor and underwater structures, useful for archaeological surveys and infrastructure inspections. Both technologies are integral to modern underwater surveying, offering enhanced mapping capabilities and operational efficiencies. AUVs are revolutionizing underwater surveying by offering advanced sensor capabilities and operational benefits. They can collect large amounts of data efficiently and operate autonomously, reducing the risk to human life and enabling exploration in hazardous environments. AUVs are used in marine research, environmental monitoring, and offshore industries, providing valuable data for various applications. Integrated survey systems combine multiple sensors and technologies into a single platform, allowing for more comprehensive and efficient data collection. These systems enhance data accuracy and reliability, leading to better decision-making in underwater operations. Future developments in integrated systems may involve the integration of multimodal sensors and real-time data analysis to further enhance efficiency and accuracy. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are playing an increasingly important role in underwater surveying, enabling advanced data analysis and decision-making. These technologies improve the efficiency and effectiveness of underwater surveys by automating tasks and providing real-time insights. Future advancements in AI and ML are expected to further enhance underwater survey capabilities, leading to more autonomous and intelligent underwater vehicles. Despite these advancements, challenges such as environmental factors, equipment durability, and sustainability remain. Future developments in underwater survey technologies will focus on addressing these challenges, improving the reliability and efficiency of survey equipment, and ensuring sustainable practices in underwater exploration and research. Continued research and development in this field are essential