The article reviews the literature on emotional dysregulation in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), examining prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment. Key findings include: 1. **Prevalence**: Emotional dysregulation is prevalent in ADHD throughout the lifespan, contributing significantly to impairment. In children, mood lability is found in 38% of ADHD cases, and in adults, between 30-70% of individuals with ADHD exhibit emotion dysregulation. 2. **Pathophysiology**: Emotional dysregulation in ADHD may arise from deficits in orienting, recognizing, and allocating attention to emotional stimuli, implicate dysfunction within a striato-amygdalo-medial prefrontal cortical network. These deficits are linked to anomalies in early sensory encoding, reward valuation, and top-down regulatory processes. 3. **Treatment**: Current treatments for ADHD often ameliorate emotion dysregulation. Psychostimulants are effective in reducing emotional lability and irritability, and atomoxetine has shown promise in improving emotion regulation in adults. Behavioral modifications and psychotherapies targeting emotion dysregulation show potential, particularly in children with mixed internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The article also discusses three conceptual models to explain the overlap between ADHD and emotion dysregulation: (1) emotion dysregulation as a core feature of ADHD, (2) a distinct nosological entity, and (3) correlated but dissociable dimensions. Future research should focus on refining the phenotype, understanding the underlying neural mechanisms, and exploring novel treatment approaches.The article reviews the literature on emotional dysregulation in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), examining prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment. Key findings include: 1. **Prevalence**: Emotional dysregulation is prevalent in ADHD throughout the lifespan, contributing significantly to impairment. In children, mood lability is found in 38% of ADHD cases, and in adults, between 30-70% of individuals with ADHD exhibit emotion dysregulation. 2. **Pathophysiology**: Emotional dysregulation in ADHD may arise from deficits in orienting, recognizing, and allocating attention to emotional stimuli, implicate dysfunction within a striato-amygdalo-medial prefrontal cortical network. These deficits are linked to anomalies in early sensory encoding, reward valuation, and top-down regulatory processes. 3. **Treatment**: Current treatments for ADHD often ameliorate emotion dysregulation. Psychostimulants are effective in reducing emotional lability and irritability, and atomoxetine has shown promise in improving emotion regulation in adults. Behavioral modifications and psychotherapies targeting emotion dysregulation show potential, particularly in children with mixed internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The article also discusses three conceptual models to explain the overlap between ADHD and emotion dysregulation: (1) emotion dysregulation as a core feature of ADHD, (2) a distinct nosological entity, and (3) correlated but dissociable dimensions. Future research should focus on refining the phenotype, understanding the underlying neural mechanisms, and exploring novel treatment approaches.