The article by Eric Pop reviews recent progress in understanding and manipulating energy dissipation and transport in nanoscale solid-state structures. It begins by surveying the landscape of power usage from nanoscale transistors to massive data centers, highlighting the significant energy consumption and the need for more energy-efficient computing devices. The review then focuses on energy dissipation in nanoscale circuits, silicon transistors, carbon nanostructures, and semiconductor nanowires, discussing both steady-state and transient thermal transport in devices with sub-nanosecond switching times. Recent directions in energy transport, including electrical and thermal conductivity of nanostructures, thermal rectification, and the role of material interfaces, are also reviewed. The article emphasizes the importance of addressing energy dissipation and transport challenges in nanoelectronics to improve energy efficiency and reduce waste heat, which has significant implications for modern society and the environment.The article by Eric Pop reviews recent progress in understanding and manipulating energy dissipation and transport in nanoscale solid-state structures. It begins by surveying the landscape of power usage from nanoscale transistors to massive data centers, highlighting the significant energy consumption and the need for more energy-efficient computing devices. The review then focuses on energy dissipation in nanoscale circuits, silicon transistors, carbon nanostructures, and semiconductor nanowires, discussing both steady-state and transient thermal transport in devices with sub-nanosecond switching times. Recent directions in energy transport, including electrical and thermal conductivity of nanostructures, thermal rectification, and the role of material interfaces, are also reviewed. The article emphasizes the importance of addressing energy dissipation and transport challenges in nanoelectronics to improve energy efficiency and reduce waste heat, which has significant implications for modern society and the environment.