This review paper explores eco-friendly strategies for enhancing polymer sustainability, focusing on green polymer synthesis, biodegradable polymers, recycling technologies, and sustainable alternatives. The global plastic production has surged, with over 300 million tons produced annually, predominantly from fossil fuels. Traditional polymer production is energy-intensive, leading to significant greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution. The reliance on fossil fuels also depletes nonrenewable resources and poses health risks due to toxic byproducts. Recycling fossil-based plastics is inefficient and costly, resulting in limited recycling rates and substantial environmental impact. Biodegradable polymers, derived from renewable resources, offer a sustainable alternative to fossil-based plastics. They can decompose naturally, reducing plastic waste and pollution. Natural biodegradable polymers include cellulose, chitosan, starch, and proteins like collagen. Synthetic biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) are also widely used. These polymers are designed to degrade under environmental conditions, minimizing their ecological footprint. Green polymer synthesis methods aim to reduce environmental impact by using renewable resources, minimizing energy consumption, and avoiding harmful solvents. Techniques such as solvent-free polymerization, enzyme-catalyzed polymerization, and photopolymerization are being developed to enhance sustainability. Additionally, chemical recycling, enzymatic recycling, and dissolution-based recycling are promising technologies for recovering and reusing plastic waste. Sustainable polymer recycling technologies, including mechanical, chemical, enzymatic, and dissolution-based methods, are crucial for reducing plastic waste and promoting a circular economy. These methods enable the recovery of valuable resources from plastic waste, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental pollution. Hybrid recycling combines multiple techniques to maximize recovery and reuse efficiency. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in making eco-friendly polymers cost-effective, ensuring performance parity with traditional plastics, and establishing standardized environmental claims. Future research and innovation are essential to overcome these challenges and promote the widespread adoption of sustainable polymer solutions. The integration of eco-friendly strategies into industrial practices is vital for achieving long-term sustainability and environmental stewardship.This review paper explores eco-friendly strategies for enhancing polymer sustainability, focusing on green polymer synthesis, biodegradable polymers, recycling technologies, and sustainable alternatives. The global plastic production has surged, with over 300 million tons produced annually, predominantly from fossil fuels. Traditional polymer production is energy-intensive, leading to significant greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution. The reliance on fossil fuels also depletes nonrenewable resources and poses health risks due to toxic byproducts. Recycling fossil-based plastics is inefficient and costly, resulting in limited recycling rates and substantial environmental impact. Biodegradable polymers, derived from renewable resources, offer a sustainable alternative to fossil-based plastics. They can decompose naturally, reducing plastic waste and pollution. Natural biodegradable polymers include cellulose, chitosan, starch, and proteins like collagen. Synthetic biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) are also widely used. These polymers are designed to degrade under environmental conditions, minimizing their ecological footprint. Green polymer synthesis methods aim to reduce environmental impact by using renewable resources, minimizing energy consumption, and avoiding harmful solvents. Techniques such as solvent-free polymerization, enzyme-catalyzed polymerization, and photopolymerization are being developed to enhance sustainability. Additionally, chemical recycling, enzymatic recycling, and dissolution-based recycling are promising technologies for recovering and reusing plastic waste. Sustainable polymer recycling technologies, including mechanical, chemical, enzymatic, and dissolution-based methods, are crucial for reducing plastic waste and promoting a circular economy. These methods enable the recovery of valuable resources from plastic waste, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental pollution. Hybrid recycling combines multiple techniques to maximize recovery and reuse efficiency. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in making eco-friendly polymers cost-effective, ensuring performance parity with traditional plastics, and establishing standardized environmental claims. Future research and innovation are essential to overcome these challenges and promote the widespread adoption of sustainable polymer solutions. The integration of eco-friendly strategies into industrial practices is vital for achieving long-term sustainability and environmental stewardship.