Curcumin, a polyphenol from turmeric, has potential therapeutic effects in various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, obesity, and neurodegeneration. However, its low bioavailability in the body limits its effectiveness. To enhance curcumin's bioavailability and bioactivity, various strategies have been explored, such as nanoformulations that increase its solubility, stability, and cellular uptake. These formulations can improve curcumin's ability to reach target tissues and exert its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Nanoformulations have shown promise in increasing curcumin levels in the body, leading to enhanced therapeutic effects. Additionally, curcumin's antimicrobial properties have been studied, with nanoformulations potentially improving its effectiveness against bacteria. Curcumin also exhibits regulatory effects in various tissues, including the liver, adipose tissue, heart, and vessels, where it can modulate inflammation, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Despite its potential, curcumin's low bioavailability remains a challenge, and further research is needed to optimize its therapeutic use. Clinical trials have shown mixed results, highlighting the need for more standardized dosing and formulation approaches to maximize curcumin's benefits.Curcumin, a polyphenol from turmeric, has potential therapeutic effects in various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, obesity, and neurodegeneration. However, its low bioavailability in the body limits its effectiveness. To enhance curcumin's bioavailability and bioactivity, various strategies have been explored, such as nanoformulations that increase its solubility, stability, and cellular uptake. These formulations can improve curcumin's ability to reach target tissues and exert its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Nanoformulations have shown promise in increasing curcumin levels in the body, leading to enhanced therapeutic effects. Additionally, curcumin's antimicrobial properties have been studied, with nanoformulations potentially improving its effectiveness against bacteria. Curcumin also exhibits regulatory effects in various tissues, including the liver, adipose tissue, heart, and vessels, where it can modulate inflammation, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. Despite its potential, curcumin's low bioavailability remains a challenge, and further research is needed to optimize its therapeutic use. Clinical trials have shown mixed results, highlighting the need for more standardized dosing and formulation approaches to maximize curcumin's benefits.