The article "Enigmatic role of auxin response factors in plant growth and stress tolerance" by Ling Liu, Baba Salifu Yahaya, Jing Li, and Fengkai Wu reviews the role of Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) in plant growth and stress tolerance. ARFs are transcription factors that mediate the auxin signaling pathway, which is crucial for various plant processes. The authors highlight the recent advancements in understanding ARF function, including their involvement in leaf, flower, and root organogenesis, as well as stress responses. They discuss the molecular structure and classification of ARF proteins, emphasizing the importance of their DNA-binding domain (DBD), C-terminal dimerization domain (CTD), and middle region (MR). The article also explores the canonical and non-canonical auxin response pathways, detailing how ARFs regulate gene expression and cellular processes. Additionally, the authors provide insights into the role of ARFs in root morphogenesis, leaf regulation, and stress tolerance, with specific examples from Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. The review concludes by outlining unresolved questions and future challenges in ARF research, emphasizing the need for further investigation into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying ARF functions.The article "Enigmatic role of auxin response factors in plant growth and stress tolerance" by Ling Liu, Baba Salifu Yahaya, Jing Li, and Fengkai Wu reviews the role of Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) in plant growth and stress tolerance. ARFs are transcription factors that mediate the auxin signaling pathway, which is crucial for various plant processes. The authors highlight the recent advancements in understanding ARF function, including their involvement in leaf, flower, and root organogenesis, as well as stress responses. They discuss the molecular structure and classification of ARF proteins, emphasizing the importance of their DNA-binding domain (DBD), C-terminal dimerization domain (CTD), and middle region (MR). The article also explores the canonical and non-canonical auxin response pathways, detailing how ARFs regulate gene expression and cellular processes. Additionally, the authors provide insights into the role of ARFs in root morphogenesis, leaf regulation, and stress tolerance, with specific examples from Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. The review concludes by outlining unresolved questions and future challenges in ARF research, emphasizing the need for further investigation into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying ARF functions.