Entanglement and Bell nonlocality with bottom-quark pairs at hadron colliders

Entanglement and Bell nonlocality with bottom-quark pairs at hadron colliders

6 Jun 2024 | Yoav Afik,1,∗ Yevgeny Kats,2,† Juan Ramón Muñoz de Nova,3,‡ Abner Soffer,4,§ and David Uzan2,♣
The paper explores the possibility of measuring entanglement and Bell nonlocality in bottom quark pairs produced at hadron colliders, particularly the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The authors highlight that bottom quark pairs, due to their low mass, often operate in the ultrarelativistic regime, which can exhibit strong spin entanglement. They argue that entanglement in bottom quark pairs may be measurable with Run 2 data, especially with the CMS $B$ parking dataset, while Bell nonlocality could become feasible at the high-luminosity phase of the LHC. The study uses a general formalism to describe the spin quantum state of bottom quark pairs, which is influenced by the invariant mass and production angle. The authors propose methods to measure entanglement and Bell nonlocality using events where the bottom quarks hadronize into baryons, such as the $\Lambda_b$. They discuss the feasibility of these measurements with current and future LHC data, including the CMS and LHCb datasets. Key findings include: - The CMS $B$ parking dataset is identified as the most promising for detecting entanglement with high significance. - LHCb may also be capable of meaningful measurements, especially if the polarization retention factors are high. - At the high-luminosity LHC, all experiments are expected to detect entanglement with high significance and show potential for detecting Bell nonlocality. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for studying quantum correlations in hadronizing systems and future prospects for similar measurements at colliders like the FCC-ee and FCC-hh.The paper explores the possibility of measuring entanglement and Bell nonlocality in bottom quark pairs produced at hadron colliders, particularly the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The authors highlight that bottom quark pairs, due to their low mass, often operate in the ultrarelativistic regime, which can exhibit strong spin entanglement. They argue that entanglement in bottom quark pairs may be measurable with Run 2 data, especially with the CMS $B$ parking dataset, while Bell nonlocality could become feasible at the high-luminosity phase of the LHC. The study uses a general formalism to describe the spin quantum state of bottom quark pairs, which is influenced by the invariant mass and production angle. The authors propose methods to measure entanglement and Bell nonlocality using events where the bottom quarks hadronize into baryons, such as the $\Lambda_b$. They discuss the feasibility of these measurements with current and future LHC data, including the CMS and LHCb datasets. Key findings include: - The CMS $B$ parking dataset is identified as the most promising for detecting entanglement with high significance. - LHCb may also be capable of meaningful measurements, especially if the polarization retention factors are high. - At the high-luminosity LHC, all experiments are expected to detect entanglement with high significance and show potential for detecting Bell nonlocality. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for studying quantum correlations in hadronizing systems and future prospects for similar measurements at colliders like the FCC-ee and FCC-hh.
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Understanding Entanglement and Bell nonlocality with bottom-quark pairs at hadron colliders