Entanglement and Bell nonlocality with bottom-quark pairs at hadron colliders

Entanglement and Bell nonlocality with bottom-quark pairs at hadron colliders

6 Jun 2024 | Yoav Afik, Yevgeny Kats, Juan Ramon Munoz de Nova, Abner Soffer, David Uzan
This paper explores the possibility of detecting quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality in bottom-quark (b-quark) pairs produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The study focuses on the unique properties of b-quark pairs, which are produced in the ultrarelativistic regime due to their relatively low mass compared to typical LHC processes. This regime allows for strong spin entanglement, making b-quark pairs promising candidates for studying quantum correlations. The paper discusses how entanglement and Bell nonlocality, fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics, can be probed in high-energy colliders. It highlights that spin correlations in b-quark pairs can be measured, especially with the CMS B parking dataset from Run 2, and that Bell nonlocality may become observable at the high-luminosity phase of the LHC. The study presents a general formalism for describing the quantum state of b-quark pairs, including their spin correlations and polarization. It also discusses the feasibility of measuring these quantum correlations using data from LHC experiments such as ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb. The paper outlines the methods for analyzing these data, including the use of specific triggers and selection criteria to isolate b-quark pairs and measure their spin correlations. The paper also addresses the challenges in measuring these quantum correlations, including the need for precise reconstruction of b-quark decay products and the impact of background events. It provides a detailed analysis of the expected statistical significance of entanglement and Bell nonlocality measurements, showing that the CMS B parking dataset could provide a statistical significance of around 10σ for entanglement, while Bell nonlocality may be observable with the full HL-LHC data. The study concludes that the LHC offers a unique opportunity to study quantum correlations in hadronizing systems, with potential applications in understanding the quark-gluon plasma and the relativistic behavior of spin operators. The paper also suggests that future work could extend these studies to other colliders and explore additional quantum mechanical concepts such as quantum discord and steering in b-quark pairs.This paper explores the possibility of detecting quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality in bottom-quark (b-quark) pairs produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The study focuses on the unique properties of b-quark pairs, which are produced in the ultrarelativistic regime due to their relatively low mass compared to typical LHC processes. This regime allows for strong spin entanglement, making b-quark pairs promising candidates for studying quantum correlations. The paper discusses how entanglement and Bell nonlocality, fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics, can be probed in high-energy colliders. It highlights that spin correlations in b-quark pairs can be measured, especially with the CMS B parking dataset from Run 2, and that Bell nonlocality may become observable at the high-luminosity phase of the LHC. The study presents a general formalism for describing the quantum state of b-quark pairs, including their spin correlations and polarization. It also discusses the feasibility of measuring these quantum correlations using data from LHC experiments such as ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb. The paper outlines the methods for analyzing these data, including the use of specific triggers and selection criteria to isolate b-quark pairs and measure their spin correlations. The paper also addresses the challenges in measuring these quantum correlations, including the need for precise reconstruction of b-quark decay products and the impact of background events. It provides a detailed analysis of the expected statistical significance of entanglement and Bell nonlocality measurements, showing that the CMS B parking dataset could provide a statistical significance of around 10σ for entanglement, while Bell nonlocality may be observable with the full HL-LHC data. The study concludes that the LHC offers a unique opportunity to study quantum correlations in hadronizing systems, with potential applications in understanding the quark-gluon plasma and the relativistic behavior of spin operators. The paper also suggests that future work could extend these studies to other colliders and explore additional quantum mechanical concepts such as quantum discord and steering in b-quark pairs.
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Understanding Entanglement and Bell nonlocality with bottom-quark pairs at hadron colliders