Entropy and Area

Entropy and Area

March 8, 1993 | MARK SREDNICKI
This paper explores the entropy of a massless free quantum field in its ground state, tracing over the degrees of freedom inside an imaginary sphere. The resulting entropy is shown to be proportional to the area of the sphere, not its volume. This finding is compared to the entropy of a black hole, which is also proportional to the area of its event horizon. The paper discusses the implications of this result for black hole physics and the counting of quantum states. The entropy of a quantum field is calculated by tracing over the degrees of freedom inside a sphere, leading to a density matrix that depends only on the degrees of freedom outside the sphere. The entropy is found to depend on the area of the sphere's boundary, suggesting a general formula for entropy in terms of the area of an inaccessible region. This result is similar to the black hole entropy formula, $ S_{BH} = \frac{1}{4} M_{Pl}^{2} A $, where $ M_{Pl} $ is the Planck mass and A is the area of the black hole's horizon. The paper also considers the entropy of a system of coupled harmonic oscillators, showing that the entropy depends on the area of the boundary of the inaccessible region. This is extended to a quantum field theory, where the entropy is calculated using a lattice regularization. The results show that the entropy is proportional to the area of the boundary, with the proportionality constant depending on the ultraviolet cutoff. The paper concludes that the entropy of a quantum field in its ground state, when traced over the degrees of freedom inside a sphere, is proportional to the area of the sphere's boundary. This result is similar to the black hole entropy formula and suggests a deeper connection between quantum field theory and black hole physics. The paper also discusses the implications of this result for the counting of quantum states and the behavior of the horizon in general relativity.This paper explores the entropy of a massless free quantum field in its ground state, tracing over the degrees of freedom inside an imaginary sphere. The resulting entropy is shown to be proportional to the area of the sphere, not its volume. This finding is compared to the entropy of a black hole, which is also proportional to the area of its event horizon. The paper discusses the implications of this result for black hole physics and the counting of quantum states. The entropy of a quantum field is calculated by tracing over the degrees of freedom inside a sphere, leading to a density matrix that depends only on the degrees of freedom outside the sphere. The entropy is found to depend on the area of the sphere's boundary, suggesting a general formula for entropy in terms of the area of an inaccessible region. This result is similar to the black hole entropy formula, $ S_{BH} = \frac{1}{4} M_{Pl}^{2} A $, where $ M_{Pl} $ is the Planck mass and A is the area of the black hole's horizon. The paper also considers the entropy of a system of coupled harmonic oscillators, showing that the entropy depends on the area of the boundary of the inaccessible region. This is extended to a quantum field theory, where the entropy is calculated using a lattice regularization. The results show that the entropy is proportional to the area of the boundary, with the proportionality constant depending on the ultraviolet cutoff. The paper concludes that the entropy of a quantum field in its ground state, when traced over the degrees of freedom inside a sphere, is proportional to the area of the sphere's boundary. This result is similar to the black hole entropy formula and suggests a deeper connection between quantum field theory and black hole physics. The paper also discusses the implications of this result for the counting of quantum states and the behavior of the horizon in general relativity.
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