This study examines the impact of agricultural environmental regulations on agricultural carbon emissions efficiency (ACEE) in China, using data from 31 provinces between 2010 and 2019. The authors develop an index system for evaluating agricultural environmental regulations, incorporating both ex-ante and ex-post indicators. They employ the Super-SBM-Undesirable model to calculate ACEE, accounting for undesirable outputs such as agricultural carbon emissions and pollution. The spatial Durbin model is used to analyze the influence of environmental regulations and other factors on ACEE, considering spatial autocorrelation. Key findings include: - The eastern region consistently has higher ACEE than the national average, while the central region has the lowest. - Agricultural environmental regulations have a significant positive impact on ACEE, enhancing technological innovation and economic growth. - Public investment in agriculture, industrialization, agricultural disaster severity, industrial structure, and economic development level also influence ACEE. - The study suggests that local governments should adopt targeted strategies based on regional resource endowments and production characteristics to optimize agricultural environmental regulations and improve ACEE. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, highlighting the importance of tailored environmental regulations and sustainable agricultural practices to reduce carbon emissions and promote economic development.This study examines the impact of agricultural environmental regulations on agricultural carbon emissions efficiency (ACEE) in China, using data from 31 provinces between 2010 and 2019. The authors develop an index system for evaluating agricultural environmental regulations, incorporating both ex-ante and ex-post indicators. They employ the Super-SBM-Undesirable model to calculate ACEE, accounting for undesirable outputs such as agricultural carbon emissions and pollution. The spatial Durbin model is used to analyze the influence of environmental regulations and other factors on ACEE, considering spatial autocorrelation. Key findings include: - The eastern region consistently has higher ACEE than the national average, while the central region has the lowest. - Agricultural environmental regulations have a significant positive impact on ACEE, enhancing technological innovation and economic growth. - Public investment in agriculture, industrialization, agricultural disaster severity, industrial structure, and economic development level also influence ACEE. - The study suggests that local governments should adopt targeted strategies based on regional resource endowments and production characteristics to optimize agricultural environmental regulations and improve ACEE. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, highlighting the importance of tailored environmental regulations and sustainable agricultural practices to reduce carbon emissions and promote economic development.