Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) are promising power sources for self-sustained smart textiles due to their ability to convert biochemical fuels like glucose and lactate into electricity. Unlike traditional batteries, EBFCs are biocompatible, flexible, and can operate continuously without requiring frequent recharging. They are also biodegradable and can be integrated into textiles, offering a sustainable alternative for wearable electronics. This review discusses the principles, recent advancements, and challenges of EBFCs in smart textiles, focusing on fiber, yarn, and fabric types. EBFCs offer advantages such as continuous power generation, biocompatibility, and the ability to harvest energy from the human body. However, they face challenges in achieving high power density, long-term stability, and efficient electron transfer. Recent studies have explored various materials and configurations to enhance EBFC performance, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and enzyme immobilization techniques. The integration of EBFCs with smart textiles has shown potential for applications in health monitoring, drug delivery, and wearable electronics. Despite progress, further research is needed to optimize EBFCs for practical use in smart textiles, including improving enzyme efficiency, enhancing energy output, and ensuring long-term biocompatibility. The review highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to advance the development of EBFCs for next-generation smart textiles.Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) are promising power sources for self-sustained smart textiles due to their ability to convert biochemical fuels like glucose and lactate into electricity. Unlike traditional batteries, EBFCs are biocompatible, flexible, and can operate continuously without requiring frequent recharging. They are also biodegradable and can be integrated into textiles, offering a sustainable alternative for wearable electronics. This review discusses the principles, recent advancements, and challenges of EBFCs in smart textiles, focusing on fiber, yarn, and fabric types. EBFCs offer advantages such as continuous power generation, biocompatibility, and the ability to harvest energy from the human body. However, they face challenges in achieving high power density, long-term stability, and efficient electron transfer. Recent studies have explored various materials and configurations to enhance EBFC performance, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and enzyme immobilization techniques. The integration of EBFCs with smart textiles has shown potential for applications in health monitoring, drug delivery, and wearable electronics. Despite progress, further research is needed to optimize EBFCs for practical use in smart textiles, including improving enzyme efficiency, enhancing energy output, and ensuring long-term biocompatibility. The review highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to advance the development of EBFCs for next-generation smart textiles.