The review by Rahul Datta focuses on the enzymatic degradation of cellulose in soil, a critical process for nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. Cellulose, a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, is a renewable and sustainable source of biofuel. However, its recalcitrant nature limits its use as an energy source. Fungal enzymes, particularly cellulases, play a central role in cellulose degradation. The review highlights recent advancements in understanding cellulose structure, the role of different cellulase enzymes, and the synergistic action of these enzymes. It also discusses the impact of various factors such as nitrogen availability, temperature, moisture content, pH, and lignin content on cellulose degradation. The discovery of cellulosomes, complex enzyme systems in anaerobic bacteria, and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) is emphasized as significant milestones in cellulose degradation research. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of further research to understand the microbial community's role in cellulose degradation under different conditions, particularly in polluted soils.The review by Rahul Datta focuses on the enzymatic degradation of cellulose in soil, a critical process for nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. Cellulose, a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, is a renewable and sustainable source of biofuel. However, its recalcitrant nature limits its use as an energy source. Fungal enzymes, particularly cellulases, play a central role in cellulose degradation. The review highlights recent advancements in understanding cellulose structure, the role of different cellulase enzymes, and the synergistic action of these enzymes. It also discusses the impact of various factors such as nitrogen availability, temperature, moisture content, pH, and lignin content on cellulose degradation. The discovery of cellulosomes, complex enzyme systems in anaerobic bacteria, and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) is emphasized as significant milestones in cellulose degradation research. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of further research to understand the microbial community's role in cellulose degradation under different conditions, particularly in polluted soils.