Enzyme immobilization is a critical technique in biotechnology that enhances enzyme stability, reusability, and efficiency. This review discusses various immobilization techniques and support materials used for enzyme immobilization. Techniques include adsorption, covalent binding, affinity immobilization, and entrapment. Adsorption uses supports like coconut fibers, microcrystalline cellulose, and kaolin, while covalent binding employs glutaraldehyde and other reagents. Affinity immobilization uses specific interactions between enzymes and supports, and entrapment involves gels or fibers to confine enzymes. Natural and synthetic supports such as alginate, chitosan, cellulose, and silica are widely used for their biocompatibility, stability, and efficiency. Synthetic polymers like ion exchange resins and polyurethane microparticles also serve as effective supports. Inorganic materials such as zeolites, ceramics, and silica offer unique properties for enzyme immobilization. Applications of immobilized enzymes include biocatalysis, biosensors, and biodiesel production. The review highlights the importance of selecting appropriate supports and techniques to enhance enzyme performance and sustainability. Future research should focus on improving immobilization methods and exploring innovative support materials to enhance industrial applications.Enzyme immobilization is a critical technique in biotechnology that enhances enzyme stability, reusability, and efficiency. This review discusses various immobilization techniques and support materials used for enzyme immobilization. Techniques include adsorption, covalent binding, affinity immobilization, and entrapment. Adsorption uses supports like coconut fibers, microcrystalline cellulose, and kaolin, while covalent binding employs glutaraldehyde and other reagents. Affinity immobilization uses specific interactions between enzymes and supports, and entrapment involves gels or fibers to confine enzymes. Natural and synthetic supports such as alginate, chitosan, cellulose, and silica are widely used for their biocompatibility, stability, and efficiency. Synthetic polymers like ion exchange resins and polyurethane microparticles also serve as effective supports. Inorganic materials such as zeolites, ceramics, and silica offer unique properties for enzyme immobilization. Applications of immobilized enzymes include biocatalysis, biosensors, and biodiesel production. The review highlights the importance of selecting appropriate supports and techniques to enhance enzyme performance and sustainability. Future research should focus on improving immobilization methods and exploring innovative support materials to enhance industrial applications.