In 2023, 14 Member States of the European Union (EU) reported outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs, with Croatia and Sweden experiencing their first ASF cases in wild boar, and Greece re-emerging after a two-year absence. The number of ASF outbreaks among domestic pigs was five times higher than in 2022, reaching a similar level to 2019. This increase was primarily driven by the introduction and spread of ASF in Croatia and its resurgence in Romania, which accounted for 96% of the EU outbreaks. Most outbreaks among domestic pigs occurred between July and October, with 88% reported during this period. Most outbreaks were detected through passive surveillance based on clinical suspicion (94%), followed by tracing from affected establishments (3%) and enhanced passive surveillance (3%). In wild boar, a 10% increase in notified outbreaks was observed compared to 2022, with significant variations between countries. A winter peak was observed only in Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary. The epidemiological situation in wild boar improved in Germany and Hungary, with a decrease in the number of outbreaks and PCR-positive samples from dead wild boar. Despite the introduction of ASF into new countries and the increase in outbreaks, the size of restricted zones in the EU remained stable due to the highly clustered outbreaks in Croatia and the reduction in some countries. The report also highlights the impact of ASF on pig establishments and the wild boar population, with a decrease in small establishments in Lithuania, Latvia, and Italy, and an increase in Romania. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological situation of ASF in the EU and non-EU countries and territories in 2023.In 2023, 14 Member States of the European Union (EU) reported outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs, with Croatia and Sweden experiencing their first ASF cases in wild boar, and Greece re-emerging after a two-year absence. The number of ASF outbreaks among domestic pigs was five times higher than in 2022, reaching a similar level to 2019. This increase was primarily driven by the introduction and spread of ASF in Croatia and its resurgence in Romania, which accounted for 96% of the EU outbreaks. Most outbreaks among domestic pigs occurred between July and October, with 88% reported during this period. Most outbreaks were detected through passive surveillance based on clinical suspicion (94%), followed by tracing from affected establishments (3%) and enhanced passive surveillance (3%). In wild boar, a 10% increase in notified outbreaks was observed compared to 2022, with significant variations between countries. A winter peak was observed only in Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary. The epidemiological situation in wild boar improved in Germany and Hungary, with a decrease in the number of outbreaks and PCR-positive samples from dead wild boar. Despite the introduction of ASF into new countries and the increase in outbreaks, the size of restricted zones in the EU remained stable due to the highly clustered outbreaks in Croatia and the reduction in some countries. The report also highlights the impact of ASF on pig establishments and the wild boar population, with a decrease in small establishments in Lithuania, Latvia, and Italy, and an increase in Romania. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological situation of ASF in the EU and non-EU countries and territories in 2023.