The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) conducted an epidemiological analysis of African swine fever (ASF) in the European Union (EU) in 2023. In 2023, 14 EU Member States were affected by ASF, including Croatia and Sweden, where ASF emerged for the first time in wild boar, and Greece, where ASF re-emerged after being free since 2021. The number of ASF outbreaks among domestic pigs in the EU was five times higher than in 2022, reaching a similar magnitude to that in 2019. This was primarily driven by the introduction and spread of ASF in Croatia and its resurgence in Romania, which accounted for 96% of the EU outbreaks. ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs were seasonal, with 88% of outbreaks reported between July and October. Most outbreaks were detected through clinical suspicion (94%), followed by contact tracing (3%) and enhanced passive surveillance (3%). In wild boar, the number of notified outbreaks increased by 10% compared to 2022, with variations between countries. A winter peak was observed in Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary. The epidemiological situation in wild boar improved in Germany and Hungary, as indicated by a decrease in outbreaks and PCR-positive samples. Overall, 31% of wild boar carcasses tested positive by PCR, representing 69% of the ASF outbreaks in wild boar in the EU. In contrast, 0.4% of hunted wild boar tested positive, representing 31% of the outbreaks. Despite the introduction of ASF into new countries and the increase in outbreaks, the size of restricted zones in the EU remained stable due to the clustered outbreaks in Croatia and the reduction of restricted zones in Poland, Slovakia, and Bulgaria (domestic pigs) and Hungary (wild boar). The number of pig establishments decreased in some countries, while it increased in Romania, coinciding with an increase in ASF incidence. The number of dead or killed wild boar positive to ASF notified to ADIS increased by 9% compared to 2022, with variations between countries. The wild boar population increased in the Baltic States, decreased in Germany, Hungary, Romania, Poland, and Slovakia, and remained stable in Bulgaria. The analysis of hunting bags showed a decrease in wild boar populations in some countries. The spread of ASF in Croatia, Greece, and Sweden, and in new areas of Italy, led to a small increase in the number of notified outbreaks in the EU. The restricted zones in the EU remained relatively stable, with the size of restricted zones III slightly reduced due to the clustered outbreaks in Croatia and the reduction of restricted zones in Poland, Slovakia, and Bulgaria. The size of restricted zone II slightly increased due to new countries affected and spread in previously affected ones. The number of ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs was highest inThe European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) conducted an epidemiological analysis of African swine fever (ASF) in the European Union (EU) in 2023. In 2023, 14 EU Member States were affected by ASF, including Croatia and Sweden, where ASF emerged for the first time in wild boar, and Greece, where ASF re-emerged after being free since 2021. The number of ASF outbreaks among domestic pigs in the EU was five times higher than in 2022, reaching a similar magnitude to that in 2019. This was primarily driven by the introduction and spread of ASF in Croatia and its resurgence in Romania, which accounted for 96% of the EU outbreaks. ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs were seasonal, with 88% of outbreaks reported between July and October. Most outbreaks were detected through clinical suspicion (94%), followed by contact tracing (3%) and enhanced passive surveillance (3%). In wild boar, the number of notified outbreaks increased by 10% compared to 2022, with variations between countries. A winter peak was observed in Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary. The epidemiological situation in wild boar improved in Germany and Hungary, as indicated by a decrease in outbreaks and PCR-positive samples. Overall, 31% of wild boar carcasses tested positive by PCR, representing 69% of the ASF outbreaks in wild boar in the EU. In contrast, 0.4% of hunted wild boar tested positive, representing 31% of the outbreaks. Despite the introduction of ASF into new countries and the increase in outbreaks, the size of restricted zones in the EU remained stable due to the clustered outbreaks in Croatia and the reduction of restricted zones in Poland, Slovakia, and Bulgaria (domestic pigs) and Hungary (wild boar). The number of pig establishments decreased in some countries, while it increased in Romania, coinciding with an increase in ASF incidence. The number of dead or killed wild boar positive to ASF notified to ADIS increased by 9% compared to 2022, with variations between countries. The wild boar population increased in the Baltic States, decreased in Germany, Hungary, Romania, Poland, and Slovakia, and remained stable in Bulgaria. The analysis of hunting bags showed a decrease in wild boar populations in some countries. The spread of ASF in Croatia, Greece, and Sweden, and in new areas of Italy, led to a small increase in the number of notified outbreaks in the EU. The restricted zones in the EU remained relatively stable, with the size of restricted zones III slightly reduced due to the clustered outbreaks in Croatia and the reduction of restricted zones in Poland, Slovakia, and Bulgaria. The size of restricted zone II slightly increased due to new countries affected and spread in previously affected ones. The number of ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs was highest in