Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by irregular menses, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The prevalence of PCOS varies depending on the diagnostic criteria used, ranging from 4% to 20%. Clinical manifestations include oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, hirsutism, and infertility. Risk factors for PCOS include type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Insulin resistance, affecting 50% to 70% of women with PCOS, leads to comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and diabetes. Women with PCOS are also at increased risk for mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and binge eating disorder. Weight loss improves menstrual irregularities, and symptoms of androgen excess and infertility. Management strategies include oral contraceptives for menstrual irregularities and hirsutism, spironolactone and finasteride for androgen excess, and treatments for infertility such as clomiphene, laparoscopic ovarian drilling, gonadotropins, and assisted reproductive technology. Recent data suggest that letrozole and metformin may play an important role in ovulation induction. Proper diagnosis and management of PCOS are essential to address patient concerns and prevent future complications.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by irregular menses, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The prevalence of PCOS varies depending on the diagnostic criteria used, ranging from 4% to 20%. Clinical manifestations include oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, hirsutism, and infertility. Risk factors for PCOS include type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Insulin resistance, affecting 50% to 70% of women with PCOS, leads to comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and diabetes. Women with PCOS are also at increased risk for mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and binge eating disorder. Weight loss improves menstrual irregularities, and symptoms of androgen excess and infertility. Management strategies include oral contraceptives for menstrual irregularities and hirsutism, spironolactone and finasteride for androgen excess, and treatments for infertility such as clomiphene, laparoscopic ovarian drilling, gonadotropins, and assisted reproductive technology. Recent data suggest that letrozole and metformin may play an important role in ovulation induction. Proper diagnosis and management of PCOS are essential to address patient concerns and prevent future complications.