Gallbladder disease, including gallstones and gallbladder cancer, is a significant health issue. Gallstones are common, affecting 10-15% of adults, with 20-25 million Americans affected. The economic burden is substantial, with annual costs exceeding $6.2 billion in the U.S. Gallstones are often asymptomatic, but can lead to complications like cholecystitis, cholangitis, and pancreatitis. Risk factors for gallstones include obesity, rapid weight loss, sedentary lifestyle, and ethnicity. Gallbladder cancer is rare in developed countries but more common in certain ethnic groups, such as North and South American Indians. Risk factors for gallbladder cancer include gallstones, age, chronic inflammation, and genetic factors. Gallbladder cancer has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Prevention strategies include managing modifiable risk factors like obesity and lifestyle changes. Gallbladder polyps, which can be benign or malignant, require careful evaluation. The use of ultrasonography has improved the detection of gallstones and risk factors. Lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, play a crucial role in gallstone formation. Gallbladder cancer is associated with chronic inflammation, genetic predisposition, and certain infections. The prevalence of gallbladder disease has increased due to rising obesity and metabolic syndrome. Understanding these risk factors is essential for effective prevention and management of gallbladder disease.Gallbladder disease, including gallstones and gallbladder cancer, is a significant health issue. Gallstones are common, affecting 10-15% of adults, with 20-25 million Americans affected. The economic burden is substantial, with annual costs exceeding $6.2 billion in the U.S. Gallstones are often asymptomatic, but can lead to complications like cholecystitis, cholangitis, and pancreatitis. Risk factors for gallstones include obesity, rapid weight loss, sedentary lifestyle, and ethnicity. Gallbladder cancer is rare in developed countries but more common in certain ethnic groups, such as North and South American Indians. Risk factors for gallbladder cancer include gallstones, age, chronic inflammation, and genetic factors. Gallbladder cancer has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Prevention strategies include managing modifiable risk factors like obesity and lifestyle changes. Gallbladder polyps, which can be benign or malignant, require careful evaluation. The use of ultrasonography has improved the detection of gallstones and risk factors. Lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, play a crucial role in gallstone formation. Gallbladder cancer is associated with chronic inflammation, genetic predisposition, and certain infections. The prevalence of gallbladder disease has increased due to rising obesity and metabolic syndrome. Understanding these risk factors is essential for effective prevention and management of gallbladder disease.