Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is currently the most important arboviral disease globally, affecting over 125 countries. It has a long history, with symptoms first recorded in China over 1,000 years ago. The disease has expanded significantly in the last 50 years, with transmission now present in every WHO region. The true global impact is difficult to assess due to inadequate surveillance, misdiagnosis, and low reporting. Current estimates suggest 50–200 million infections annually, but recent cartographic studies suggest the number is closer to 400 million. Factors such as climate change, globalization, travel, trade, and viral evolution are expected to increase dengue's spread. No vaccine or specific antiviral therapy exists, so prevention and control rely on vector control, surveillance, and improved reporting. The WHO's Global Strategy for Dengue Prevention and Control (2012–2020) aims to reduce the disease's burden through improved data, research, and resource allocation. Dengue is now endemic in over 125 countries, with severe forms being more common in many regions. The disease is a significant public health problem, with a high burden on children and economic costs. Factors such as climate change, urbanization, and globalization are driving its expansion. Effective vector control and improved surveillance are essential for managing dengue. The WHO strategy emphasizes integrated vector management and global cooperation to reduce the disease's impact. The future of dengue is likely to be shaped by ongoing changes in climate, human settlement, and global travel. Continued research and international collaboration are needed to address the growing threat of dengue.Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is currently the most important arboviral disease globally, affecting over 125 countries. It has a long history, with symptoms first recorded in China over 1,000 years ago. The disease has expanded significantly in the last 50 years, with transmission now present in every WHO region. The true global impact is difficult to assess due to inadequate surveillance, misdiagnosis, and low reporting. Current estimates suggest 50–200 million infections annually, but recent cartographic studies suggest the number is closer to 400 million. Factors such as climate change, globalization, travel, trade, and viral evolution are expected to increase dengue's spread. No vaccine or specific antiviral therapy exists, so prevention and control rely on vector control, surveillance, and improved reporting. The WHO's Global Strategy for Dengue Prevention and Control (2012–2020) aims to reduce the disease's burden through improved data, research, and resource allocation. Dengue is now endemic in over 125 countries, with severe forms being more common in many regions. The disease is a significant public health problem, with a high burden on children and economic costs. Factors such as climate change, urbanization, and globalization are driving its expansion. Effective vector control and improved surveillance are essential for managing dengue. The WHO strategy emphasizes integrated vector management and global cooperation to reduce the disease's impact. The future of dengue is likely to be shaped by ongoing changes in climate, human settlement, and global travel. Continued research and international collaboration are needed to address the growing threat of dengue.