Gastric cancer remains one of the most common and deadly cancers globally, particularly among older males. According to GLOBOCAN 2018 data, it is the fifth most common cancer and the third most deadly, with an estimated 783,000 deaths in 2018. Gastric cancer incidence and mortality vary by region and are heavily influenced by diet and Helicobacter pylori infection. While efforts to prevent and treat H. pylori have reduced overall incidence, they have also led to an increase in cardia gastric cancer, which has risen sevenfold in recent decades. Understanding the disease's etiology and risk factors is crucial for managing H. pylori infection. Dietary changes, smoking cessation, and exercise show promise in preventing gastric cancer, while genetic testing enables earlier diagnosis and improved survival. Gastric cancer is more prevalent in males, with a higher incidence in developed countries. The incidence is highest in Eastern and Central Asia and Latin America. The average incidence rate among high-middle Human Development Index (HDI) nations is 20 per 100,000 for males, while it is 6.6 per 100,000 in low-middle HDI nations. Mortality from gastric cancer is higher in males, with high rates in regions with high incidence. Reducing incidence is key to reducing mortality, especially in developing nations. The incidence of gastric cancer has declined globally over the past 50 years, partly due to reduced H. pylori infection and changes in dietary habits. The decline in non-cardia gastric cancer is linked to reduced H. pylori infections, while cardia gastric cancer has increased sevenfold, especially in developed countries. Survival rates have improved over the past 40 years due to earlier detection and better treatment options. Risk factors for gastric cancer include H. pylori infection, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary factors. Genetic factors such as mutations in the CDH1 gene and Lynch syndrome also increase the risk. H. pylori infection is the main risk factor, but its eradication may increase the risk of cardia gastric cancer. Lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, are effective in preventing gastric cancer. Regular screening, such as endoscopy and contrast radiography, is recommended for early detection. Prevention strategies include H. pylori testing and treatment, lifestyle changes, and genetic testing for high-risk individuals. Advances in genetic testing enable earlier diagnosis and better survival. Overall, while significant progress has been made in preventing and treating gastric cancer, it remains the fifth most common and third most deadly cancer globally.Gastric cancer remains one of the most common and deadly cancers globally, particularly among older males. According to GLOBOCAN 2018 data, it is the fifth most common cancer and the third most deadly, with an estimated 783,000 deaths in 2018. Gastric cancer incidence and mortality vary by region and are heavily influenced by diet and Helicobacter pylori infection. While efforts to prevent and treat H. pylori have reduced overall incidence, they have also led to an increase in cardia gastric cancer, which has risen sevenfold in recent decades. Understanding the disease's etiology and risk factors is crucial for managing H. pylori infection. Dietary changes, smoking cessation, and exercise show promise in preventing gastric cancer, while genetic testing enables earlier diagnosis and improved survival. Gastric cancer is more prevalent in males, with a higher incidence in developed countries. The incidence is highest in Eastern and Central Asia and Latin America. The average incidence rate among high-middle Human Development Index (HDI) nations is 20 per 100,000 for males, while it is 6.6 per 100,000 in low-middle HDI nations. Mortality from gastric cancer is higher in males, with high rates in regions with high incidence. Reducing incidence is key to reducing mortality, especially in developing nations. The incidence of gastric cancer has declined globally over the past 50 years, partly due to reduced H. pylori infection and changes in dietary habits. The decline in non-cardia gastric cancer is linked to reduced H. pylori infections, while cardia gastric cancer has increased sevenfold, especially in developed countries. Survival rates have improved over the past 40 years due to earlier detection and better treatment options. Risk factors for gastric cancer include H. pylori infection, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary factors. Genetic factors such as mutations in the CDH1 gene and Lynch syndrome also increase the risk. H. pylori infection is the main risk factor, but its eradication may increase the risk of cardia gastric cancer. Lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, are effective in preventing gastric cancer. Regular screening, such as endoscopy and contrast radiography, is recommended for early detection. Prevention strategies include H. pylori testing and treatment, lifestyle changes, and genetic testing for high-risk individuals. Advances in genetic testing enable earlier diagnosis and better survival. Overall, while significant progress has been made in preventing and treating gastric cancer, it remains the fifth most common and third most deadly cancer globally.