This study investigates the transgenerational effects of endocrine disruptors on male fertility in rats. The researchers exposed gestating female rats to the endocrine disruptors vinclozolin (an antiandrogen) and methoxychlor (an estrogenic compound) during the period of gonadal sex determination (embryonic days 8-15). The exposure resulted in reduced spermatogenic capacity and increased male infertility in the F1 generation, which was transmitted through the male germ line to subsequent generations (F2 to F4). These effects were associated with altered DNA methylation patterns in the germ line. The study suggests that environmental factors can induce epigenetic transgenerational changes in the male germ line, potentially leading to long-term reproductive health issues. The findings have significant implications for evolutionary biology and disease etiology, highlighting the potential risks of endocrine disruptors on future generations.This study investigates the transgenerational effects of endocrine disruptors on male fertility in rats. The researchers exposed gestating female rats to the endocrine disruptors vinclozolin (an antiandrogen) and methoxychlor (an estrogenic compound) during the period of gonadal sex determination (embryonic days 8-15). The exposure resulted in reduced spermatogenic capacity and increased male infertility in the F1 generation, which was transmitted through the male germ line to subsequent generations (F2 to F4). These effects were associated with altered DNA methylation patterns in the germ line. The study suggests that environmental factors can induce epigenetic transgenerational changes in the male germ line, potentially leading to long-term reproductive health issues. The findings have significant implications for evolutionary biology and disease etiology, highlighting the potential risks of endocrine disruptors on future generations.