The article reviews the role of epigenetic regulation in plant stress responses. It highlights how gene expression, driven by developmental and stress cues, is influenced by nucleosome histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation. The review discusses the importance of these modifications in gene expression and plant development under stress conditions. Most stress-induced modifications reset to basal levels once the stress is relieved, but some can be stable and inherited across mitotic or meiotic cell divisions, providing 'stress memory' that aids plants in coping with subsequent stresses. The article also covers methods for deciphering epigenetic changes, such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), bisulfite sequencing, and DNA methylation analysis. It further explores the dynamic nature of histone modifications and their correlation with gene expression, as well as the role of DNA methylation in gene silencing and stress responses. The review concludes by discussing the implications of stress memory for crop management and improvement, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the heritability of stress-induced epigenetic changes.The article reviews the role of epigenetic regulation in plant stress responses. It highlights how gene expression, driven by developmental and stress cues, is influenced by nucleosome histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation. The review discusses the importance of these modifications in gene expression and plant development under stress conditions. Most stress-induced modifications reset to basal levels once the stress is relieved, but some can be stable and inherited across mitotic or meiotic cell divisions, providing 'stress memory' that aids plants in coping with subsequent stresses. The article also covers methods for deciphering epigenetic changes, such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), bisulfite sequencing, and DNA methylation analysis. It further explores the dynamic nature of histone modifications and their correlation with gene expression, as well as the role of DNA methylation in gene silencing and stress responses. The review concludes by discussing the implications of stress memory for crop management and improvement, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the heritability of stress-induced epigenetic changes.