Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) Metamaterials and Electromagnetic Sources: Tailoring the Radiation Phase Pattern

Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) Metamaterials and Electromagnetic Sources: Tailoring the Radiation Phase Pattern

| Andrea Alù, Mário G. Silveirinha, Alessandro Salandrino, and Nader Engheta
This paper investigates the response of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials and plasmonic materials to electromagnetic source excitation, focusing on their ability to tailor the phase of radiation patterns of arbitrary sources. The study analyzes both analytical and numerical results for canonical geometries, including planar and cylindrical ENZ structures. The key findings show that ENZ materials can be used to isolate two regions of space and manipulate the phase pattern in one region, independent of the excitation in the other. Theoretical arguments and numerical examples demonstrate that ENZ materials can act as angular filters, modifying the phase distribution of electromagnetic waves. For a planar ENZ slab, the transmission and reflection coefficients are derived, showing that the slab can act as an ideal angular filter, with a sharp discontinuity in the transmission coefficient when the angle of incidence changes. The slab can also act as a perfect magnetic boundary, causing a 180-degree phase shift for the magnetic field at the entrance face. The results show that the ENZ slab can effectively isolate the entrance side from the exit side, allowing only specific narrow angular widths of transmission. The phase front of the transmitted wave is nearly parallel to the exit face, and the ENZ material can be used to reshape the phase pattern of an impinging wave to conform to the exit face. For a cylindrical ENZ shell, the study shows that the shell can act as an ideal isolator, producing an azimuthally constant-phase field inside the hollow cavity, independent of the angle of incidence. The shell can also be used to isolate a closed region of space from external phase variations. The results show that the ENZ shell can redirect the power flow to isolate the inner cavity from the asymmetric phase pattern of the source excitation. The power flow is redirected in a way that maintains the cavity mode, and the ENZ shell can be used to suppress scattering and induce invisibility. The study also explores the use of ENZ materials in more complex geometries, such as trapezoidal and cylindrical obstacles, showing that ENZ materials can act as lenses, focusing energy from a source and reshaping the phase pattern. The results show that ENZ lenses can transform an incoming planar wavefront into a convergent cylindrical wavefront, and that the focal spot becomes narrower as the permittivity of the slab approaches zero. The study also shows that ENZ materials can be used to shield a cavity or a hole from phase variations induced by an external source, ensuring a nearly uniform angular phase variation inside the cavity. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of ENZ materials in various applications, including imaging, communications, and wave manipulation, by their ability to tailor the phase of radiation patterns and isolate regions of space. The results show that ENZ materials can be used to modify the phase distribution of electromagnetic waves, providing new possibilities for imaging and radiative tools at infrared and optical frequencies.This paper investigates the response of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials and plasmonic materials to electromagnetic source excitation, focusing on their ability to tailor the phase of radiation patterns of arbitrary sources. The study analyzes both analytical and numerical results for canonical geometries, including planar and cylindrical ENZ structures. The key findings show that ENZ materials can be used to isolate two regions of space and manipulate the phase pattern in one region, independent of the excitation in the other. Theoretical arguments and numerical examples demonstrate that ENZ materials can act as angular filters, modifying the phase distribution of electromagnetic waves. For a planar ENZ slab, the transmission and reflection coefficients are derived, showing that the slab can act as an ideal angular filter, with a sharp discontinuity in the transmission coefficient when the angle of incidence changes. The slab can also act as a perfect magnetic boundary, causing a 180-degree phase shift for the magnetic field at the entrance face. The results show that the ENZ slab can effectively isolate the entrance side from the exit side, allowing only specific narrow angular widths of transmission. The phase front of the transmitted wave is nearly parallel to the exit face, and the ENZ material can be used to reshape the phase pattern of an impinging wave to conform to the exit face. For a cylindrical ENZ shell, the study shows that the shell can act as an ideal isolator, producing an azimuthally constant-phase field inside the hollow cavity, independent of the angle of incidence. The shell can also be used to isolate a closed region of space from external phase variations. The results show that the ENZ shell can redirect the power flow to isolate the inner cavity from the asymmetric phase pattern of the source excitation. The power flow is redirected in a way that maintains the cavity mode, and the ENZ shell can be used to suppress scattering and induce invisibility. The study also explores the use of ENZ materials in more complex geometries, such as trapezoidal and cylindrical obstacles, showing that ENZ materials can act as lenses, focusing energy from a source and reshaping the phase pattern. The results show that ENZ lenses can transform an incoming planar wavefront into a convergent cylindrical wavefront, and that the focal spot becomes narrower as the permittivity of the slab approaches zero. The study also shows that ENZ materials can be used to shield a cavity or a hole from phase variations induced by an external source, ensuring a nearly uniform angular phase variation inside the cavity. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of ENZ materials in various applications, including imaging, communications, and wave manipulation, by their ability to tailor the phase of radiation patterns and isolate regions of space. The results show that ENZ materials can be used to modify the phase distribution of electromagnetic waves, providing new possibilities for imaging and radiative tools at infrared and optical frequencies.
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