Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread human herpesvirus that causes various diseases, including infectious mononucleosis and multiple cancers. The host's immune system uses various mechanisms, such as pattern recognition receptors, natural killer cells, and T cells, to control and eliminate EBV. However, EBV has evolved strategies to evade detection and elimination by both innate and adaptive immune systems. This review discusses the mechanisms by which EBV evades immune responses, establishes persistent infections, or initiates lytic replication. EBV's ability to manipulate immune responses is a key factor in its persistence and pathogenicity. The review highlights the complex interactions between EBV and the host immune system, focusing on the virus's evasion strategies, including the modulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune recognition. EBV's evasion strategies involve the manipulation of key signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, and the use of viral proteins and microRNAs to suppress immune responses. The review also discusses the role of EBV in the development of various diseases, including lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric cancer. The study emphasizes the need for further research to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying EBV's immune evasion and to develop new therapeutic approaches for EBV-associated diseases.Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread human herpesvirus that causes various diseases, including infectious mononucleosis and multiple cancers. The host's immune system uses various mechanisms, such as pattern recognition receptors, natural killer cells, and T cells, to control and eliminate EBV. However, EBV has evolved strategies to evade detection and elimination by both innate and adaptive immune systems. This review discusses the mechanisms by which EBV evades immune responses, establishes persistent infections, or initiates lytic replication. EBV's ability to manipulate immune responses is a key factor in its persistence and pathogenicity. The review highlights the complex interactions between EBV and the host immune system, focusing on the virus's evasion strategies, including the modulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune recognition. EBV's evasion strategies involve the manipulation of key signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, and the use of viral proteins and microRNAs to suppress immune responses. The review also discusses the role of EBV in the development of various diseases, including lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric cancer. The study emphasizes the need for further research to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying EBV's immune evasion and to develop new therapeutic approaches for EBV-associated diseases.