This study aimed to compare the health-related quality of life (HQOL) and depression in prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy or hormonal therapy more than 6 months ago. A total of 116 patients (83 radical prostatectomy and 33 hormonal therapy) participated in the study, and data were collected from September 13 to November 13, 2012, using the Korean versions of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form. The results showed that hormonal therapy participants reported significantly higher HQOL scores than those who underwent radical prostatectomy (p = .002). Significant differences in HQOL subscales were observed in the urinary domain (urinary function: p < .001, incontinence: p < .001) and the sexual domain (sexual bother: p < .001). There were no significant differences in depression levels between the two treatment groups. Moderate negative correlations were found between HQOL and depression in both groups. The study concluded that many prostate cancer patients reported functional deteriorations in urinary and sexual domains and experienced depression even more than 6 months after treatment completion. To manage HQOL and depression in prostate cancer patients, clinicians and nurses should evaluate patients' complaints according to their treatment modality and intervene accordingly.This study aimed to compare the health-related quality of life (HQOL) and depression in prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy or hormonal therapy more than 6 months ago. A total of 116 patients (83 radical prostatectomy and 33 hormonal therapy) participated in the study, and data were collected from September 13 to November 13, 2012, using the Korean versions of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form. The results showed that hormonal therapy participants reported significantly higher HQOL scores than those who underwent radical prostatectomy (p = .002). Significant differences in HQOL subscales were observed in the urinary domain (urinary function: p < .001, incontinence: p < .001) and the sexual domain (sexual bother: p < .001). There were no significant differences in depression levels between the two treatment groups. Moderate negative correlations were found between HQOL and depression in both groups. The study concluded that many prostate cancer patients reported functional deteriorations in urinary and sexual domains and experienced depression even more than 6 months after treatment completion. To manage HQOL and depression in prostate cancer patients, clinicians and nurses should evaluate patients' complaints according to their treatment modality and intervene accordingly.