The article "Establishing and Maintaining Healthy Environments: Toward a Social Ecology of Health Promotion" by Daniel Stokols, published in the American Psychologist in 1992, emphasizes the importance of integrating lifestyle modification, injury control, and environmental enhancement strategies in health promotion. Stokols offers a social ecological analysis of health-promotive environments, focusing on the interactions between individual or collective behavior and the health resources and constraints in specific environmental settings. He highlights the need for future research on creating and maintaining healthy environments, including the evaluation of environmental design, urban planning, public policy, and regulatory efforts at various levels of analysis. Stokols outlines the core assumptions of social ecology, which include the influence of both physical and social environments on health, the multidimensional nature of human environments, and the importance of multiple levels of analysis and diverse methodologies. He also discusses the concept of health-promotive environments, emphasizing the need to specify key environmental resources and constraints that influence personal and collective well-being. The article further explores the relevance of environmental scale and contextual scope for health-promotion research, suggesting that health-promotive capacities should be assessed in terms of their cumulative and weighted effects on occupants' well-being. Stokols also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary models that integrate behavioral and environmental factors in health promotion and the need to develop integrative models that address the joint influence of personal and environmental factors. Finally, the article discusses community interventions to promote public health, advocating for a multilevel approach that integrates person-focused and environment-focused strategies. Stokols highlights the need for interdisciplinary graduate training programs to address the complex health challenges of the 1990s and beyond.The article "Establishing and Maintaining Healthy Environments: Toward a Social Ecology of Health Promotion" by Daniel Stokols, published in the American Psychologist in 1992, emphasizes the importance of integrating lifestyle modification, injury control, and environmental enhancement strategies in health promotion. Stokols offers a social ecological analysis of health-promotive environments, focusing on the interactions between individual or collective behavior and the health resources and constraints in specific environmental settings. He highlights the need for future research on creating and maintaining healthy environments, including the evaluation of environmental design, urban planning, public policy, and regulatory efforts at various levels of analysis. Stokols outlines the core assumptions of social ecology, which include the influence of both physical and social environments on health, the multidimensional nature of human environments, and the importance of multiple levels of analysis and diverse methodologies. He also discusses the concept of health-promotive environments, emphasizing the need to specify key environmental resources and constraints that influence personal and collective well-being. The article further explores the relevance of environmental scale and contextual scope for health-promotion research, suggesting that health-promotive capacities should be assessed in terms of their cumulative and weighted effects on occupants' well-being. Stokols also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary models that integrate behavioral and environmental factors in health promotion and the need to develop integrative models that address the joint influence of personal and environmental factors. Finally, the article discusses community interventions to promote public health, advocating for a multilevel approach that integrates person-focused and environment-focused strategies. Stokols highlights the need for interdisciplinary graduate training programs to address the complex health challenges of the 1990s and beyond.