This study aims to estimate the public health and economic burden of rabies in domestic dog populations globally and on a country-by-country basis. The research team, comprising experts from various organizations and institutions, developed a model framework to estimate the disease burden, incorporating data on rabies mortality, prevention, and control measures. The study found that canine rabies causes approximately 59,000 human deaths annually, over 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and 8.6 billion USD in economic losses. The highest risk of rabies is in the poorest regions, where dog vaccination is not widely implemented and access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is limited. The economic burden is primarily due to premature deaths (55%), followed by direct costs of PEP (20%) and lost income while seeking PEP (15.5%). The study highlights the need for increased investment in dog vaccination and improved PEP availability to reduce the burden of rabies.This study aims to estimate the public health and economic burden of rabies in domestic dog populations globally and on a country-by-country basis. The research team, comprising experts from various organizations and institutions, developed a model framework to estimate the disease burden, incorporating data on rabies mortality, prevention, and control measures. The study found that canine rabies causes approximately 59,000 human deaths annually, over 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and 8.6 billion USD in economic losses. The highest risk of rabies is in the poorest regions, where dog vaccination is not widely implemented and access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is limited. The economic burden is primarily due to premature deaths (55%), followed by direct costs of PEP (20%) and lost income while seeking PEP (15.5%). The study highlights the need for increased investment in dog vaccination and improved PEP availability to reduce the burden of rabies.