This study evaluates municipal solid waste management (MSWM) scenarios in Lahore, Pakistan, using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques to identify the most effective and sustainable waste management strategies. Ten MSWM scenarios were developed and evaluated based on seven criteria, including environmental impact, cost, and social factors. Four MCDM techniques—fuzzy logic, AHP, TOPSIS, and PROMETHEE II—were employed to rank the scenarios and determine the optimal solution. The results indicate that the best scenario combines 54% anaerobic digestion, 37% gasification, and 9% landfill technologies. These technologies collectively provide the most suitable and effective strategies for Lahore's waste management needs. All MCDM techniques produced consistent results, highlighting the effectiveness of the chosen approach. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainable waste management practices, particularly in addressing environmental and health challenges in developing countries. The findings suggest that integrating waste-to-energy technologies can help reduce waste volume, mitigate environmental impacts, and meet energy demands. The study also highlights the need for improved waste management infrastructure, increased recycling efforts, and the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in developing comprehensive waste management strategies that promote sustainability and environmental protection. The results demonstrate that the optimal waste management scenario in Lahore is a combination of anaerobic digestion, gasification, and landfill technologies, which aligns with global efforts to combat climate change and improve environmental sustainability. The study underscores the importance of using MCDM techniques to make informed decisions in waste management, ensuring that the chosen strategies are both effective and sustainable.This study evaluates municipal solid waste management (MSWM) scenarios in Lahore, Pakistan, using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques to identify the most effective and sustainable waste management strategies. Ten MSWM scenarios were developed and evaluated based on seven criteria, including environmental impact, cost, and social factors. Four MCDM techniques—fuzzy logic, AHP, TOPSIS, and PROMETHEE II—were employed to rank the scenarios and determine the optimal solution. The results indicate that the best scenario combines 54% anaerobic digestion, 37% gasification, and 9% landfill technologies. These technologies collectively provide the most suitable and effective strategies for Lahore's waste management needs. All MCDM techniques produced consistent results, highlighting the effectiveness of the chosen approach. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainable waste management practices, particularly in addressing environmental and health challenges in developing countries. The findings suggest that integrating waste-to-energy technologies can help reduce waste volume, mitigate environmental impacts, and meet energy demands. The study also highlights the need for improved waste management infrastructure, increased recycling efforts, and the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in developing comprehensive waste management strategies that promote sustainability and environmental protection. The results demonstrate that the optimal waste management scenario in Lahore is a combination of anaerobic digestion, gasification, and landfill technologies, which aligns with global efforts to combat climate change and improve environmental sustainability. The study underscores the importance of using MCDM techniques to make informed decisions in waste management, ensuring that the chosen strategies are both effective and sustainable.