This study evaluates the efficacy of acupuncture in modulating brain activity using periodic and aperiodic EEG measurements. The research introduces an EEG-based monitoring system to assess the therapeutic effects of acupuncture on human brain activity by analyzing both periodic and aperiodic features of EEG signals. The system estimates power spectral density to measure the adjusted power of periodic oscillatory rhythms in EEG under acupuncture stimulation. Results show that alpha band (8–12 Hz) brain activity is significantly enhanced during acupuncture, particularly in parietal and occipital lobe regions. The aperiodic exponent, derived from EEG power spectra, decreases during acupuncture, indicating a more significant effect in central and frontal lobe regions. The sensitivity of different brain regions to acupuncture is assessed by integrating adjusted power and aperiodic exponent. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed periodic-aperiodic measurements in evaluating the effects of four acupuncture manipulations and establishing a knowledge graph for acupuncture. The monitoring system provides a new perspective for quantitatively evaluating acupuncture effects on the human brain and improving its therapeutic efficacy in clinical applications for neural disorders. The study highlights that high-frequency acupuncture manipulations have a stronger modulatory effect on both periodic and aperiodic brain activities, with significant effects on parietal and occipital lobe regions. The findings suggest that acupuncture modulates brain activity by altering the balance between excitation and inhibition, with high-frequency manipulations showing superior efficacy in modulating aperiodic brain activity. The study also reveals that acupuncture effects are more pronounced in frontal and central lobe regions, and that the recovery of aperiodic activity in these regions is slower after acupuncture. The results provide new insights into the dynamic fluctuations of aperiodic exponents in EEG signals and the spatiotemporal characteristics of brain activity modulation by acupuncture. The proposed system offers a valuable tool for assisting physicians in making accurate and rapid decisions on acupuncture and improving the therapeutic effect on brain disorders.This study evaluates the efficacy of acupuncture in modulating brain activity using periodic and aperiodic EEG measurements. The research introduces an EEG-based monitoring system to assess the therapeutic effects of acupuncture on human brain activity by analyzing both periodic and aperiodic features of EEG signals. The system estimates power spectral density to measure the adjusted power of periodic oscillatory rhythms in EEG under acupuncture stimulation. Results show that alpha band (8–12 Hz) brain activity is significantly enhanced during acupuncture, particularly in parietal and occipital lobe regions. The aperiodic exponent, derived from EEG power spectra, decreases during acupuncture, indicating a more significant effect in central and frontal lobe regions. The sensitivity of different brain regions to acupuncture is assessed by integrating adjusted power and aperiodic exponent. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed periodic-aperiodic measurements in evaluating the effects of four acupuncture manipulations and establishing a knowledge graph for acupuncture. The monitoring system provides a new perspective for quantitatively evaluating acupuncture effects on the human brain and improving its therapeutic efficacy in clinical applications for neural disorders. The study highlights that high-frequency acupuncture manipulations have a stronger modulatory effect on both periodic and aperiodic brain activities, with significant effects on parietal and occipital lobe regions. The findings suggest that acupuncture modulates brain activity by altering the balance between excitation and inhibition, with high-frequency manipulations showing superior efficacy in modulating aperiodic brain activity. The study also reveals that acupuncture effects are more pronounced in frontal and central lobe regions, and that the recovery of aperiodic activity in these regions is slower after acupuncture. The results provide new insights into the dynamic fluctuations of aperiodic exponents in EEG signals and the spatiotemporal characteristics of brain activity modulation by acupuncture. The proposed system offers a valuable tool for assisting physicians in making accurate and rapid decisions on acupuncture and improving the therapeutic effect on brain disorders.