This study evaluates the presence and concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and microplastics (MPs) in drinking water from a water treatment plant in Kielce, Poland. The PTEs analyzed included Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Co, while MPs were characterized by their size, shape, and color. The results showed that Zn had the highest concentrations (up to 929 μg/L) among the PTEs, followed by Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Co. The average concentration of MPs was 108.88 ± 55.61 μg/L, with the smallest and largest sizes being 196 and 4,018 μm, respectively. The study also assessed the health risks associated with these contaminants, finding that the Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for both adults and children were below one, indicating a satisfactory level of non-carcinogenic adverse health risk. However, the carcinogenic values for most water treatment samples exceeded the threshold value of 10⁻⁶, suggesting a need for regular monitoring to minimize environmental pollution and health risks.This study evaluates the presence and concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and microplastics (MPs) in drinking water from a water treatment plant in Kielce, Poland. The PTEs analyzed included Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Co, while MPs were characterized by their size, shape, and color. The results showed that Zn had the highest concentrations (up to 929 μg/L) among the PTEs, followed by Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Co. The average concentration of MPs was 108.88 ± 55.61 μg/L, with the smallest and largest sizes being 196 and 4,018 μm, respectively. The study also assessed the health risks associated with these contaminants, finding that the Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for both adults and children were below one, indicating a satisfactory level of non-carcinogenic adverse health risk. However, the carcinogenic values for most water treatment samples exceeded the threshold value of 10⁻⁶, suggesting a need for regular monitoring to minimize environmental pollution and health risks.