This study evaluates the thermal storage system during freezing and loading of nano-powders, focusing on the impact of nanoparticle concentration (φ) and diameter (dp) on the freezing process. A curved container with fins is used, filled with a water-nanoparticle mixture. The simulation employs the finite element method (FEM) with an adaptive grid to enhance accuracy, particularly near the ice front. The results show that increasing φ significantly reduces freezing time, with a 33.21% improvement. The diameter of nano-powders also affects the freezing process; increasing dp from 10 nm to 40 nm reduces freezing time by 15.12%, but further increases in dp beyond 40 nm lead to a 36.56% increase in freezing time. The study highlights the importance of optimizing nanoparticle concentration and size to enhance cold storage efficiency. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of freezing dynamics and provide practical insights for the design and optimization of cold storage systems. The research demonstrates that the incorporation of nanoparticles and careful consideration of variable factors can significantly improve the efficiency of cold storage, with practical implications for energy efficiency and resource management. The study also emphasizes the need for meticulous parameter selection to optimize the performance of cold storage systems.This study evaluates the thermal storage system during freezing and loading of nano-powders, focusing on the impact of nanoparticle concentration (φ) and diameter (dp) on the freezing process. A curved container with fins is used, filled with a water-nanoparticle mixture. The simulation employs the finite element method (FEM) with an adaptive grid to enhance accuracy, particularly near the ice front. The results show that increasing φ significantly reduces freezing time, with a 33.21% improvement. The diameter of nano-powders also affects the freezing process; increasing dp from 10 nm to 40 nm reduces freezing time by 15.12%, but further increases in dp beyond 40 nm lead to a 36.56% increase in freezing time. The study highlights the importance of optimizing nanoparticle concentration and size to enhance cold storage efficiency. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of freezing dynamics and provide practical insights for the design and optimization of cold storage systems. The research demonstrates that the incorporation of nanoparticles and careful consideration of variable factors can significantly improve the efficiency of cold storage, with practical implications for energy efficiency and resource management. The study also emphasizes the need for meticulous parameter selection to optimize the performance of cold storage systems.