Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) were updated in 2014-2018, based on a comprehensive review of clinical studies. The guidelines classify the efficacy of rTMS for various conditions. Level A evidence (definite efficacy) was found for high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the painful side for neuropathic pain, HF-rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for depression, and low-frequency (LF) rTMS of contralesional M1 for hand motor recovery after stroke. Level B evidence (probable efficacy) was found for HF-rTMS of the left M1 or DLPFC for improving quality of life or pain in fibromyalgia, HF-rTMS of bilateral M1 or left DLPFC for motor impairment or depression in Parkinson's disease, HF-rTMS of ipsilesional M1 for motor recovery after stroke, intermittent theta burst stimulation for lower limb spasticity in multiple sclerosis, HF-rTMS of the right DLPFC for posttraumatic stress disorder, LF-rTMS of the right inferior frontal gyrus for chronic post-stroke non-fluent aphasia, and bihemispheric stimulation of the DLPFC for depression. The guidelines emphasize the importance of real vs. sham rTMS protocols and their replicability in independent studies. The recommendations are based on the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS in these conditions, but the clinical relevance of the benefits is not guaranteed. The guidelines also highlight the importance of targeting specific brain regions and the use of navigation systems for accurate stimulation. The evidence for rTMS in other conditions remains inconclusive. The guidelines provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of rTMS research and its potential therapeutic applications.Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) were updated in 2014-2018, based on a comprehensive review of clinical studies. The guidelines classify the efficacy of rTMS for various conditions. Level A evidence (definite efficacy) was found for high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the painful side for neuropathic pain, HF-rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for depression, and low-frequency (LF) rTMS of contralesional M1 for hand motor recovery after stroke. Level B evidence (probable efficacy) was found for HF-rTMS of the left M1 or DLPFC for improving quality of life or pain in fibromyalgia, HF-rTMS of bilateral M1 or left DLPFC for motor impairment or depression in Parkinson's disease, HF-rTMS of ipsilesional M1 for motor recovery after stroke, intermittent theta burst stimulation for lower limb spasticity in multiple sclerosis, HF-rTMS of the right DLPFC for posttraumatic stress disorder, LF-rTMS of the right inferior frontal gyrus for chronic post-stroke non-fluent aphasia, and bihemispheric stimulation of the DLPFC for depression. The guidelines emphasize the importance of real vs. sham rTMS protocols and their replicability in independent studies. The recommendations are based on the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS in these conditions, but the clinical relevance of the benefits is not guaranteed. The guidelines also highlight the importance of targeting specific brain regions and the use of navigation systems for accurate stimulation. The evidence for rTMS in other conditions remains inconclusive. The guidelines provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of rTMS research and its potential therapeutic applications.