In the Hamadryas baboon, males are significantly larger than females, and troops are divided into 'one-male groups' where the male prevents females from moving far from him. Kummer's experiment demonstrated that when two unfamiliar males were placed in an enclosure, one male (A) quickly established dominance over a female, while the other (B) accepted A's ownership without challenging him. This suggests that B either accepted the status quo or recognized A's superior strength. Subsequent experiments confirmed that B's behavior was due to recognizing A's dominance rather than a formalized acceptance. However, escalated contests can still occur, such as when a male is removed from a troop and his female(s) are taken over by another male. These observations can be explained达尔文主义 terms: animal strategies are determined by their genes, and those that increase fitness will be favored by natural selection. The best strategy depends on the opponent's actions, and it only makes sense to escalate if the opponent retreats. The lecture will discuss the types of strategies expected to evolve, ignoring factors like learning and kin selection.In the Hamadryas baboon, males are significantly larger than females, and troops are divided into 'one-male groups' where the male prevents females from moving far from him. Kummer's experiment demonstrated that when two unfamiliar males were placed in an enclosure, one male (A) quickly established dominance over a female, while the other (B) accepted A's ownership without challenging him. This suggests that B either accepted the status quo or recognized A's superior strength. Subsequent experiments confirmed that B's behavior was due to recognizing A's dominance rather than a formalized acceptance. However, escalated contests can still occur, such as when a male is removed from a troop and his female(s) are taken over by another male. These observations can be explained达尔文主义 terms: animal strategies are determined by their genes, and those that increase fitness will be favored by natural selection. The best strategy depends on the opponent's actions, and it only makes sense to escalate if the opponent retreats. The lecture will discuss the types of strategies expected to evolve, ignoring factors like learning and kin selection.