The article reviews the evolution of cell therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), highlighting the shift from high-dose cytokine therapy to targeted, immunotherapy, and combination therapies. Despite advancements, curative treatment for advanced RCC remains challenging. The focus is on various cellular therapies, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, T cell receptor gene-modified T cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, CAR natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, γδ T cells, and dendritic cell vaccination. Preclinical and clinical studies are discussed, emphasizing the potential of these therapies in achieving cures for RCC. The article also explores recent approaches such as CAR macrophages, dendritic cell–cytokine induced killer cells, and regulatory CAR-T cells, providing insights into their development and clinical prospects. Challenges and future directions are outlined, with a particular emphasis on overcoming T cell exhaustion and improving the efficacy of NK cell therapies.The article reviews the evolution of cell therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), highlighting the shift from high-dose cytokine therapy to targeted, immunotherapy, and combination therapies. Despite advancements, curative treatment for advanced RCC remains challenging. The focus is on various cellular therapies, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, T cell receptor gene-modified T cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, CAR natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, γδ T cells, and dendritic cell vaccination. Preclinical and clinical studies are discussed, emphasizing the potential of these therapies in achieving cures for RCC. The article also explores recent approaches such as CAR macrophages, dendritic cell–cytokine induced killer cells, and regulatory CAR-T cells, providing insights into their development and clinical prospects. Challenges and future directions are outlined, with a particular emphasis on overcoming T cell exhaustion and improving the efficacy of NK cell therapies.