The review discusses the evolution of cell therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), highlighting advances in immunotherapy and targeted approaches. Traditional treatments for RCC have shifted from high-dose cytokine therapy to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapies. Despite these advancements, curative treatment for advanced-stage RCC remains limited. Cell therapy, as a "living drug," has shown promise in hematological malignancies and is being explored for solid tumors like RCC. The review covers various cellular therapies, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, T cell receptor gene-modified T cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, CAR natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, γδ T cells, and dendritic cell vaccination. Recent approaches such as CAR macrophages and regulatory CAR-T cells are also discussed. The review emphasizes the potential of these therapies in preclinical and clinical settings, aiming to achieve cures for RCC. Key targets include CAIX, 5T4, and CD70, with various CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies being tested. Challenges such as T cell exhaustion, toxicity, and tumor heterogeneity are addressed. The review concludes that cell therapies, particularly CAR-T and CAR-NK cells, represent a promising area for advancing RCC treatment.The review discusses the evolution of cell therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), highlighting advances in immunotherapy and targeted approaches. Traditional treatments for RCC have shifted from high-dose cytokine therapy to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapies. Despite these advancements, curative treatment for advanced-stage RCC remains limited. Cell therapy, as a "living drug," has shown promise in hematological malignancies and is being explored for solid tumors like RCC. The review covers various cellular therapies, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, T cell receptor gene-modified T cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, CAR natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, γδ T cells, and dendritic cell vaccination. Recent approaches such as CAR macrophages and regulatory CAR-T cells are also discussed. The review emphasizes the potential of these therapies in preclinical and clinical settings, aiming to achieve cures for RCC. Key targets include CAIX, 5T4, and CD70, with various CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies being tested. Challenges such as T cell exhaustion, toxicity, and tumor heterogeneity are addressed. The review concludes that cell therapies, particularly CAR-T and CAR-NK cells, represent a promising area for advancing RCC treatment.