This review discusses the evolving concepts in biofilm infections, focusing on the role of biofilms in chronic infections caused by pathogens such as *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, *Haemophilus influenzae*, *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, and *Escherichia coli*. Biofilms are defined as surface-associated microbial communities surrounded by an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. They are significant because they exhibit resistance to antibiotics and host immune responses, making chronic infections difficult to treat. The review highlights the challenges in diagnosing biofilm infections and the need for specific criteria to identify them. It also explores the complex interactions between pathogens and host tissues, particularly the role of epithelial cells in defense against biofilm infections. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding biofilm development and its impact on infectious diseases, as well as the potential for new treatment strategies.This review discusses the evolving concepts in biofilm infections, focusing on the role of biofilms in chronic infections caused by pathogens such as *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, *Haemophilus influenzae*, *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, and *Escherichia coli*. Biofilms are defined as surface-associated microbial communities surrounded by an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. They are significant because they exhibit resistance to antibiotics and host immune responses, making chronic infections difficult to treat. The review highlights the challenges in diagnosing biofilm infections and the need for specific criteria to identify them. It also explores the complex interactions between pathogens and host tissues, particularly the role of epithelial cells in defense against biofilm infections. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding biofilm development and its impact on infectious diseases, as well as the potential for new treatment strategies.