01 February 2024 | Angelika Buczyńska, Iwona Sidorkiewicz, Adam Jacek Krętowski, Agnieszka Adamska
The article reviews the clinical relevance of metformin as an antioxidant intervention. Metformin, a widely used drug for treating type 2 diabetes (T2DM), has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may contribute to its benefits in conditions associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. The review highlights recent insights into metformin's antioxidant attributes, emphasizing its potential as a potential adjunctive therapy for various diseases. Metformin's ability to modulate oxidative stress characteristics and regulate diverse metabolic pathways, such as lipid metabolism, hormone synthesis, and immunological responses, is discussed. The review also introduces potential novel metformin-based interventions and emphasizes the need for clinical trials to establish therapeutic dosages and address dose-dependent effects. The mechanisms by which metformin exerts its antioxidant effects, including AMPK activation, modulation of NADPH oxidase, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity, are explored. Both in vitro and in vivo studies are reviewed, with a focus on the variability in reported results and the influence of factors such as dosage, treatment duration, and underlying medical conditions. The article concludes by discussing the future of metformin as an antioxidant intervention, highlighting the need for additional multicenter clinical trials to comprehensively understand and harness its antioxidative potential.The article reviews the clinical relevance of metformin as an antioxidant intervention. Metformin, a widely used drug for treating type 2 diabetes (T2DM), has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may contribute to its benefits in conditions associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. The review highlights recent insights into metformin's antioxidant attributes, emphasizing its potential as a potential adjunctive therapy for various diseases. Metformin's ability to modulate oxidative stress characteristics and regulate diverse metabolic pathways, such as lipid metabolism, hormone synthesis, and immunological responses, is discussed. The review also introduces potential novel metformin-based interventions and emphasizes the need for clinical trials to establish therapeutic dosages and address dose-dependent effects. The mechanisms by which metformin exerts its antioxidant effects, including AMPK activation, modulation of NADPH oxidase, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity, are explored. Both in vitro and in vivo studies are reviewed, with a focus on the variability in reported results and the influence of factors such as dosage, treatment duration, and underlying medical conditions. The article concludes by discussing the future of metformin as an antioxidant intervention, highlighting the need for additional multicenter clinical trials to comprehensively understand and harness its antioxidative potential.