This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between thermal effects and solar cell performance, emphasizing the critical role of temperature in the overall efficacy of photovoltaic systems. The primary objective is to provide a detailed examination of how temperature influences solar cell efficiency, voltage, current output, and stability. The review synthesizes existing knowledge and recent advances, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms of thermal effects and strategies to mitigate their adverse consequences. It covers the fundamentals of solar cells, experimental techniques for thermal analysis, factors influencing temperature variations, and strategies to alleviate thermal stresses. Real-world case studies and future trends are also discussed, providing a roadmap for advancing solar cell technology. The review highlights the importance of understanding and addressing thermal effects to maximize the efficiency and longevity of solar cells, making it a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers.This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between thermal effects and solar cell performance, emphasizing the critical role of temperature in the overall efficacy of photovoltaic systems. The primary objective is to provide a detailed examination of how temperature influences solar cell efficiency, voltage, current output, and stability. The review synthesizes existing knowledge and recent advances, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms of thermal effects and strategies to mitigate their adverse consequences. It covers the fundamentals of solar cells, experimental techniques for thermal analysis, factors influencing temperature variations, and strategies to alleviate thermal stresses. Real-world case studies and future trends are also discussed, providing a roadmap for advancing solar cell technology. The review highlights the importance of understanding and addressing thermal effects to maximize the efficiency and longevity of solar cells, making it a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers.