Exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks

Exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks

July 5, 2006 | Kyo Sung Park, Zheng Ni, Adrien P. Côté, Jae Yong Choi, Rudan Huang, Fernando J. Uribe-Romo, Hee K. Chae, Michael O'Keefe, Omar M. Yaghi
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a class of metal-organic frameworks with exceptional chemical and thermal stability. Twelve ZIFs (ZIF-1 to ZIF-12) were synthesized using copolymerization of Zn(II) or Co(II) with imidazolate-type links. These ZIFs have structures based on seven distinct aluminosilicate zeolite nets, with tetrahedral Si(Al) and bridging O replaced by transition metal ions and imidazolate units. One example, ZIF-5, is a mixed-coordination imidazolate framework based on a garnet net. ZIF-8 and ZIF-11, two prototypical ZIFs, exhibit permanent porosity (Langmuir surface area = 1,810 m²/g), high thermal stability (up to 550°C), and remarkable chemical resistance to boiling alkaline water and organic solvents. ZIFs have potential applications in catalysis, hydrogen storage, and gas separation due to their high surface area and porosity. They are structurally diverse, with seven distinct zeolite-like nets, and can adopt various topologies, including mixed-coordination structures. ZIFs are not limited to purely tetrahedral nets, as demonstrated by ZIF-5, which has an In(III) octahedral coordination environment. ZIFs show exceptional chemical stability in refluxing organic solvents, water, and aqueous alkaline solutions, a property not previously observed in metal-organic frameworks. ZIFs were synthesized using solvothermal methods, with highly crystalline materials obtained by combining metal salts and imidazole-type linkers in amide solvents. The resulting solutions were heated, leading to ZIF precipitation and isolation. Single crystals were suitable for X-ray structure analysis, revealing that ZIFs have organically lined cages and channels rather than silicate oxide surfaces. ZIFs exhibit high thermal stability, with ZIF-8 and ZIF-11 showing remarkable resistance to decomposition up to 550°C in nitrogen. Gas sorption analysis confirmed their microporous nature, with ZIF-8 having a surface area of 1,810 m²/g and a micropore volume of 0.636 cm³/g. ZIF-8 also showed high hydrogen sorption capacity, with a maximum capacity of 350 cm³/g at 55 bar. ZIFs are chemically stable in extreme conditions, such as boiling benzene, methanol, water, and aqueous sodium hydroxide. ZIF-8 maintained its structure for up to 7 days in boiling water, while ZIF-11 was transformed after 3 days. ZIF-8 also showed stability in 0.1 and 8 M aqueous sodium hydroxideZeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a class of metal-organic frameworks with exceptional chemical and thermal stability. Twelve ZIFs (ZIF-1 to ZIF-12) were synthesized using copolymerization of Zn(II) or Co(II) with imidazolate-type links. These ZIFs have structures based on seven distinct aluminosilicate zeolite nets, with tetrahedral Si(Al) and bridging O replaced by transition metal ions and imidazolate units. One example, ZIF-5, is a mixed-coordination imidazolate framework based on a garnet net. ZIF-8 and ZIF-11, two prototypical ZIFs, exhibit permanent porosity (Langmuir surface area = 1,810 m²/g), high thermal stability (up to 550°C), and remarkable chemical resistance to boiling alkaline water and organic solvents. ZIFs have potential applications in catalysis, hydrogen storage, and gas separation due to their high surface area and porosity. They are structurally diverse, with seven distinct zeolite-like nets, and can adopt various topologies, including mixed-coordination structures. ZIFs are not limited to purely tetrahedral nets, as demonstrated by ZIF-5, which has an In(III) octahedral coordination environment. ZIFs show exceptional chemical stability in refluxing organic solvents, water, and aqueous alkaline solutions, a property not previously observed in metal-organic frameworks. ZIFs were synthesized using solvothermal methods, with highly crystalline materials obtained by combining metal salts and imidazole-type linkers in amide solvents. The resulting solutions were heated, leading to ZIF precipitation and isolation. Single crystals were suitable for X-ray structure analysis, revealing that ZIFs have organically lined cages and channels rather than silicate oxide surfaces. ZIFs exhibit high thermal stability, with ZIF-8 and ZIF-11 showing remarkable resistance to decomposition up to 550°C in nitrogen. Gas sorption analysis confirmed their microporous nature, with ZIF-8 having a surface area of 1,810 m²/g and a micropore volume of 0.636 cm³/g. ZIF-8 also showed high hydrogen sorption capacity, with a maximum capacity of 350 cm³/g at 55 bar. ZIFs are chemically stable in extreme conditions, such as boiling benzene, methanol, water, and aqueous sodium hydroxide. ZIF-8 maintained its structure for up to 7 days in boiling water, while ZIF-11 was transformed after 3 days. ZIF-8 also showed stability in 0.1 and 8 M aqueous sodium hydroxide
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