This review paper examines the development and correlates of executive function (EF) in children, emphasizing the importance of studying EF across the lifespan. The authors argue that EF is not a unitary construct but consists of multiple, distinct component processes, which change and interact differently at various developmental stages. Key components of EF include inhibition, working memory (WM), shifting, and planning. Research shows that these components develop over time, with significant improvements occurring between ages 5 and 8, and further refinements in speed and accuracy during adolescence. Neuroimaging studies support these findings by showing changes in brain activity and connectivity related to the development of EF. The paper also discusses the vulnerability of EF to age-related cognitive decline, particularly in older adults, and suggests that specific EF components may be more susceptible to age-related declines than others. Overall, the review highlights the need for a comprehensive developmental perspective on EF to better understand its role in various aspects of school performance, social functioning, and emotional control.This review paper examines the development and correlates of executive function (EF) in children, emphasizing the importance of studying EF across the lifespan. The authors argue that EF is not a unitary construct but consists of multiple, distinct component processes, which change and interact differently at various developmental stages. Key components of EF include inhibition, working memory (WM), shifting, and planning. Research shows that these components develop over time, with significant improvements occurring between ages 5 and 8, and further refinements in speed and accuracy during adolescence. Neuroimaging studies support these findings by showing changes in brain activity and connectivity related to the development of EF. The paper also discusses the vulnerability of EF to age-related cognitive decline, particularly in older adults, and suggests that specific EF components may be more susceptible to age-related declines than others. Overall, the review highlights the need for a comprehensive developmental perspective on EF to better understand its role in various aspects of school performance, social functioning, and emotional control.