Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites, and play a regulatory role in various biological processes by mediating cell-to-cell communication. They have been investigated as potential therapies for retinal vascular diseases, including glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, retinal ischemia, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been shown to play significant roles in the regulation of retinal vascular diseases. Research has demonstrated that these ncRNAs can be used to regulate retinal vascular diseases through exosome engineering, which allows for the controlled expression of relevant ncRNAs in exosomes. This review summarizes the latest research on the biological role of exosomal ncRNAs in treating retinal vascular diseases. The study highlights the potential of exosomal ncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets for treating retinal vascular diseases. Exosomes are stable within the body and can be easily collected and utilized as biomarkers. They have low toxicity, minimal immunogenicity, and high biocompatibility, making them promising candidates for drug delivery and therapeutic applications. Exosomal ncRNAs have shown potential in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and infectious diseases. In retinal vascular diseases, exosomal ncRNAs have been shown to regulate angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell death. Exosomal miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs have been investigated for their roles in retinal vascular diseases, including retinal vascular formation, inflammation, and cell death. Exosomal ncRNAs have been shown to play a crucial role in the progression of retinal vascular diseases and may serve as promising therapeutic strategies. Exosome engineering has been used to manipulate exosomal contents and surface proteins to enhance their therapeutic potential. Exosomes have been used in clinical trials for various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and ophthalmology. Exosomal ncRNAs have shown potential in the treatment of retinal vascular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity. Exosomal ncRNAs have been shown to regulate angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell death in retinal vascular diseases. Exosome engineering has been used to manipulate exosomal contents and surface proteins to enhance their therapeutic potential. Exosomes have been used in clinical trials for various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and ophthalmology. Exosomal ncRNAs have shown potential in the treatment of retinal vascular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity. Exosomal ncRNAs have been shown to regulate angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell death in retinal vascular diseases. Exosome engineering has been used toExosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites, and play a regulatory role in various biological processes by mediating cell-to-cell communication. They have been investigated as potential therapies for retinal vascular diseases, including glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, retinal ischemia, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been shown to play significant roles in the regulation of retinal vascular diseases. Research has demonstrated that these ncRNAs can be used to regulate retinal vascular diseases through exosome engineering, which allows for the controlled expression of relevant ncRNAs in exosomes. This review summarizes the latest research on the biological role of exosomal ncRNAs in treating retinal vascular diseases. The study highlights the potential of exosomal ncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets for treating retinal vascular diseases. Exosomes are stable within the body and can be easily collected and utilized as biomarkers. They have low toxicity, minimal immunogenicity, and high biocompatibility, making them promising candidates for drug delivery and therapeutic applications. Exosomal ncRNAs have shown potential in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and infectious diseases. In retinal vascular diseases, exosomal ncRNAs have been shown to regulate angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell death. Exosomal miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs have been investigated for their roles in retinal vascular diseases, including retinal vascular formation, inflammation, and cell death. Exosomal ncRNAs have been shown to play a crucial role in the progression of retinal vascular diseases and may serve as promising therapeutic strategies. Exosome engineering has been used to manipulate exosomal contents and surface proteins to enhance their therapeutic potential. Exosomes have been used in clinical trials for various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and ophthalmology. Exosomal ncRNAs have shown potential in the treatment of retinal vascular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity. Exosomal ncRNAs have been shown to regulate angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell death in retinal vascular diseases. Exosome engineering has been used to manipulate exosomal contents and surface proteins to enhance their therapeutic potential. Exosomes have been used in clinical trials for various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and ophthalmology. Exosomal ncRNAs have shown potential in the treatment of retinal vascular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity. Exosomal ncRNAs have been shown to regulate angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell death in retinal vascular diseases. Exosome engineering has been used to