The article discusses the role of exosomes in delivering small RNA, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), between cells. Exosomes are specialized nano-sized vesicles derived from endocytic compartments, distinct from microvesicles produced by shedding of the plasma membrane. The authors found that exosomes contain functional miRNAs and small RNA but little mRNA. They developed a co-culture system to demonstrate that exosomes continuously secrete and transfer EBV-encoded miRNAs from infected cells to uninfected neighboring cells, leading to miRNA-mediated gene repression. Additionally, they detected EBV-miRNAs in non-infected cells in the peripheral blood of patients, suggesting that mature miRNAs can be transferred between circulating cells. The study highlights the potential of exosomes as a mode of intercellular communication, particularly in controlling immune responses and tumor microenvironments. Recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of exosome secretion and RNA loading provide new insights into the physiological relevance of vesicle-mediated intercellular communication.The article discusses the role of exosomes in delivering small RNA, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), between cells. Exosomes are specialized nano-sized vesicles derived from endocytic compartments, distinct from microvesicles produced by shedding of the plasma membrane. The authors found that exosomes contain functional miRNAs and small RNA but little mRNA. They developed a co-culture system to demonstrate that exosomes continuously secrete and transfer EBV-encoded miRNAs from infected cells to uninfected neighboring cells, leading to miRNA-mediated gene repression. Additionally, they detected EBV-miRNAs in non-infected cells in the peripheral blood of patients, suggesting that mature miRNAs can be transferred between circulating cells. The study highlights the potential of exosomes as a mode of intercellular communication, particularly in controlling immune responses and tumor microenvironments. Recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of exosome secretion and RNA loading provide new insights into the physiological relevance of vesicle-mediated intercellular communication.