The Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium has expanded and improved the Gene Ontology knowledgebase, enhancing its utility for biomedical research. The GO provides a comprehensive resource of computable knowledge about gene and gene product functions, widely used for analyzing -omics data. Key updates include: 1. **Ontology Expansion**: The GO ontology has been revised and expanded to better capture biological functions, with new terms and relations added. The ontology is managed collaboratively by the GOC and scientists, ensuring accurate representation of biological knowledge. 2. **Annotations**: The number of GO annotations has increased significantly, supported by experimental findings from over 140,000 published papers. New methods, such as phylogenetic annotation and computationally inferred annotations, have been developed to enhance the depth and breadth of the annotations. 3. **Usability Enhancements**: AmiGO 2, a web-based tool for exploring the GO, has been updated with new features, including an interactive ontology browser, improved annotation retrieval, and integration with other tools like PubMed and Galaxy. Gene-centric GO annotation sets have been introduced to ensure consistency and reduce redundancy. 4. **Future Directions**: The GOC is developing LEGO, a formalism for combining traditional GO annotations into more integrated models of gene and system function. This will enable more comprehensive and accurate statements about gene functions and their relationships. The GO Consortium welcomes contributions from researchers in all areas of biology to further improve the quality and utility of the GO resources.The Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium has expanded and improved the Gene Ontology knowledgebase, enhancing its utility for biomedical research. The GO provides a comprehensive resource of computable knowledge about gene and gene product functions, widely used for analyzing -omics data. Key updates include: 1. **Ontology Expansion**: The GO ontology has been revised and expanded to better capture biological functions, with new terms and relations added. The ontology is managed collaboratively by the GOC and scientists, ensuring accurate representation of biological knowledge. 2. **Annotations**: The number of GO annotations has increased significantly, supported by experimental findings from over 140,000 published papers. New methods, such as phylogenetic annotation and computationally inferred annotations, have been developed to enhance the depth and breadth of the annotations. 3. **Usability Enhancements**: AmiGO 2, a web-based tool for exploring the GO, has been updated with new features, including an interactive ontology browser, improved annotation retrieval, and integration with other tools like PubMed and Galaxy. Gene-centric GO annotation sets have been introduced to ensure consistency and reduce redundancy. 4. **Future Directions**: The GOC is developing LEGO, a formalism for combining traditional GO annotations into more integrated models of gene and system function. This will enable more comprehensive and accurate statements about gene functions and their relationships. The GO Consortium welcomes contributions from researchers in all areas of biology to further improve the quality and utility of the GO resources.