The article reviews the use of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is a widely used experimental model that mimics key pathological features of MS, including inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss, and gliosis. It also models cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune conditions. The complex neuropharmacology of EAE makes it a versatile system for translational neuro- and immunopharmacology, but its variability in susceptibility and response to interventions highlights the need for tailored models. EAE has been instrumental in developing and validating many drugs currently used or in development for MS. The article discusses the induction methods, clinical and pathological outcomes, and therapeutic interventions in EAE, emphasizing the bidirectional translational studies that have informed MS treatment. Despite the concordance between EAE and MS studies, some treatments successful in EAE have not translated well into MS, highlighting the importance of caution and tailored modeling in drug development.The article reviews the use of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is a widely used experimental model that mimics key pathological features of MS, including inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss, and gliosis. It also models cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune conditions. The complex neuropharmacology of EAE makes it a versatile system for translational neuro- and immunopharmacology, but its variability in susceptibility and response to interventions highlights the need for tailored models. EAE has been instrumental in developing and validating many drugs currently used or in development for MS. The article discusses the induction methods, clinical and pathological outcomes, and therapeutic interventions in EAE, emphasizing the bidirectional translational studies that have informed MS treatment. Despite the concordance between EAE and MS studies, some treatments successful in EAE have not translated well into MS, highlighting the importance of caution and tailored modeling in drug development.