The paper reviews the current status and research progress of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) fire prevention materials, focusing on physical, chemical, and physicochemical inhibition methods. It highlights the development of various materials such as grouting materials, inert gases, colloids, foams, and gels, and their effectiveness in inhibiting CSC. The study also discusses the limitations of these materials, including incomplete understanding of their mechanisms, poor stability, low efficiency, and environmental concerns. Future research directions include theoretical experiments, numerical simulations, and the development of new materials with synergistic inhibitory effects. The paper emphasizes the importance of improving the design and application of CSC prevention materials to enhance safety and efficiency in coal mines.The paper reviews the current status and research progress of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) fire prevention materials, focusing on physical, chemical, and physicochemical inhibition methods. It highlights the development of various materials such as grouting materials, inert gases, colloids, foams, and gels, and their effectiveness in inhibiting CSC. The study also discusses the limitations of these materials, including incomplete understanding of their mechanisms, poor stability, low efficiency, and environmental concerns. Future research directions include theoretical experiments, numerical simulations, and the development of new materials with synergistic inhibitory effects. The paper emphasizes the importance of improving the design and application of CSC prevention materials to enhance safety and efficiency in coal mines.