The article reviews the conserved anti-aging pathways and their link to disease prevention in mammals, focusing on dietary restriction (DR) and reduced growth factor signaling. DR and decreased growth factor signaling have been shown to elevate resistance to oxidative stress, reduce macromolecular damage, and increase lifespan in various model organisms, including yeast, flies, worms, fish, rodents, and rhesus monkeys. These interventions also reduce the incidence of tumors and slow cognitive decline and aging in rodents, and reduce metabolic traits associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in humans. The review discusses the genetic alterations that promote longevity, such as mutations in nutrient-sensing pathways, and their effects on lifespan and disease resistance. It highlights the role of transcription factors like Msn2, Msn4, DAF-16, and FOXO in extending lifespan and enhancing stress resistance. The article also explores the mechanisms by which DR and reduced growth factor signaling work in different organisms, including yeast, nematodes, fruit flies, and rodents, and their potential implications for human health and disease prevention. However, it also acknowledges the negative side effects that may hinder the application of these interventions in humans.The article reviews the conserved anti-aging pathways and their link to disease prevention in mammals, focusing on dietary restriction (DR) and reduced growth factor signaling. DR and decreased growth factor signaling have been shown to elevate resistance to oxidative stress, reduce macromolecular damage, and increase lifespan in various model organisms, including yeast, flies, worms, fish, rodents, and rhesus monkeys. These interventions also reduce the incidence of tumors and slow cognitive decline and aging in rodents, and reduce metabolic traits associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in humans. The review discusses the genetic alterations that promote longevity, such as mutations in nutrient-sensing pathways, and their effects on lifespan and disease resistance. It highlights the role of transcription factors like Msn2, Msn4, DAF-16, and FOXO in extending lifespan and enhancing stress resistance. The article also explores the mechanisms by which DR and reduced growth factor signaling work in different organisms, including yeast, nematodes, fruit flies, and rodents, and their potential implications for human health and disease prevention. However, it also acknowledges the negative side effects that may hinder the application of these interventions in humans.