Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted by cells. They contain proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, and lipids, and are released under normal and pathological conditions. EVs play a key role in cellular communication and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. They are promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and disease biomarkers. EVs can be used for early cancer detection and as diagnostic biomarkers. They are also emerging as targeted drug delivery tools. EVs are found in various body fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, and breast milk, and their composition varies depending on the cell type and disease state. EVs can be classified into different subtypes, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are involved in the progression of cancer, the formation of the tumor microenvironment, and the spread of cancer cells. They can also influence immune responses and contribute to the development of diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. EVs are being studied for their potential in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery. The biogenesis of EVs involves various cellular processes, including the formation of exosomes and microvesicles. EVs contain lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, and their composition varies depending on the cell type and disease state. EVs are being explored for their potential in cancer therapy and as biomarkers for various diseases. The isolation and identification of EVs are important for their use in diagnostics and therapeutics. EVs have a role in cancer biology, including the promotion of tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. They can also influence immune responses and contribute to the development of cancer. EVs are being studied for their potential in the treatment of various cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. EVs are also being explored for their role in other diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and viral infections. The study of EVs is an important area of research, with potential applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted by cells. They contain proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, and lipids, and are released under normal and pathological conditions. EVs play a key role in cellular communication and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. They are promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and disease biomarkers. EVs can be used for early cancer detection and as diagnostic biomarkers. They are also emerging as targeted drug delivery tools. EVs are found in various body fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, and breast milk, and their composition varies depending on the cell type and disease state. EVs can be classified into different subtypes, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are involved in the progression of cancer, the formation of the tumor microenvironment, and the spread of cancer cells. They can also influence immune responses and contribute to the development of diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. EVs are being studied for their potential in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery. The biogenesis of EVs involves various cellular processes, including the formation of exosomes and microvesicles. EVs contain lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, and their composition varies depending on the cell type and disease state. EVs are being explored for their potential in cancer therapy and as biomarkers for various diseases. The isolation and identification of EVs are important for their use in diagnostics and therapeutics. EVs have a role in cancer biology, including the promotion of tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. They can also influence immune responses and contribute to the development of cancer. EVs are being studied for their potential in the treatment of various cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. EVs are also being explored for their role in other diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and viral infections. The study of EVs is an important area of research, with potential applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery.