Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a dual role in glioblastoma, acting as both contributors to tumor progression and potential diagnostic tools. Glioblastoma is a highly heterogeneous tumor with complex microenvironments that challenge traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. EVs, derived from glioblastoma cells, carry diverse molecular cargos that reflect the tumor's heterogeneity and can be used to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. EVs can facilitate communication between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment, promoting tumor growth and resistance to therapy. They also serve as a non-invasive liquid biopsy tool, offering the potential for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. EVs can be isolated from blood and analyzed to identify glioblastoma subtypes, monitor disease progression, and assess treatment response. Recent studies highlight the importance of EVs in understanding glioblastoma heterogeneity and their potential as biomarkers for improved diagnosis and therapy. Despite challenges in standardizing EV isolation and analysis, EVs show promise as a valuable tool in glioblastoma management. Future research aims to refine EV-based diagnostics and therapies to enhance patient outcomes.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a dual role in glioblastoma, acting as both contributors to tumor progression and potential diagnostic tools. Glioblastoma is a highly heterogeneous tumor with complex microenvironments that challenge traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. EVs, derived from glioblastoma cells, carry diverse molecular cargos that reflect the tumor's heterogeneity and can be used to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. EVs can facilitate communication between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment, promoting tumor growth and resistance to therapy. They also serve as a non-invasive liquid biopsy tool, offering the potential for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. EVs can be isolated from blood and analyzed to identify glioblastoma subtypes, monitor disease progression, and assess treatment response. Recent studies highlight the importance of EVs in understanding glioblastoma heterogeneity and their potential as biomarkers for improved diagnosis and therapy. Despite challenges in standardizing EV isolation and analysis, EVs show promise as a valuable tool in glioblastoma management. Future research aims to refine EV-based diagnostics and therapies to enhance patient outcomes.