Eye-Hand Coordination in Object Manipulation

Eye-Hand Coordination in Object Manipulation

September 1, 2001, 21(17):6917-6932 | Roland S. Johansson, Göran Westling, Anders Bäckström, J. Randall Flanagan
The study by Johansson et al. investigates the coordination between gaze behavior, fingertip movements, and object movements during a task where subjects grasp and move a bar to press a target. Key findings include: 1. **Gaze Fixations and Landmarks**: Subjects fixated specific landmarks critical for task control, such as the grasp site, target, and support surface. Landmarks where contact events occurred were obligatory gaze targets. Obstacles and the moving bar were optional landmarks. 2. **Gaze and Hand/Bar Movements**: Gaze and hand/bar movements were linked, with gaze leading. The instant gaze exited a landmark coincided with a kinematic event at that landmark, suggesting subjects monitored critical kinematic events for task progress. 3. **Saccadic Eye Movements**: Saccades and fixations were directed to sites offset from the physical extension of the objects, indicating that gaze specified key positions for subsequent hand or object movements. 4. **Task Progress and Subgoal Completion**: Fixations related to obstacles specified a location around which the bar's tip should travel, suggesting that gaze supports hand movement planning by marking key positions. 5. **Salience of Gaze Targets**: The salience of gaze targets arises from the functional sensorimotor requirements of the task, contributing to the development and maintenance of sensorimotor correlation matrices that support predictive motor control. 6. **Obstacle Influence**: The presence of obstacles influenced various fixation parameters, with certain landmarks being obligatory and others optional. The rectangular obstacle was fixated more frequently than the triangular one during both upward and downward movements. 7. **Spatiotemporal Coordination**: The spatiotemporal coordination between gaze shifts and kinematic events was analyzed, showing that gaze shifts entered and exited landmark zones in a manner consistent with task progress. 8. **Spatial Accuracy of Saccadic Gaze Shifts**: The spatial accuracy of saccadic gaze shifts in manipulation was assessed, with results indicating that gaze shifts were generally accurate despite the presence of obstacles. 9. **Shortcomings in Peripheral Vision**: The study also addressed the impact of preventing eye movements and relying on peripheral vision and memory, highlighting the importance of gaze in manipulative behavior. Overall, the study provides insights into how gaze supports hand movement planning and the role of specific landmarks in guiding object manipulation tasks.The study by Johansson et al. investigates the coordination between gaze behavior, fingertip movements, and object movements during a task where subjects grasp and move a bar to press a target. Key findings include: 1. **Gaze Fixations and Landmarks**: Subjects fixated specific landmarks critical for task control, such as the grasp site, target, and support surface. Landmarks where contact events occurred were obligatory gaze targets. Obstacles and the moving bar were optional landmarks. 2. **Gaze and Hand/Bar Movements**: Gaze and hand/bar movements were linked, with gaze leading. The instant gaze exited a landmark coincided with a kinematic event at that landmark, suggesting subjects monitored critical kinematic events for task progress. 3. **Saccadic Eye Movements**: Saccades and fixations were directed to sites offset from the physical extension of the objects, indicating that gaze specified key positions for subsequent hand or object movements. 4. **Task Progress and Subgoal Completion**: Fixations related to obstacles specified a location around which the bar's tip should travel, suggesting that gaze supports hand movement planning by marking key positions. 5. **Salience of Gaze Targets**: The salience of gaze targets arises from the functional sensorimotor requirements of the task, contributing to the development and maintenance of sensorimotor correlation matrices that support predictive motor control. 6. **Obstacle Influence**: The presence of obstacles influenced various fixation parameters, with certain landmarks being obligatory and others optional. The rectangular obstacle was fixated more frequently than the triangular one during both upward and downward movements. 7. **Spatiotemporal Coordination**: The spatiotemporal coordination between gaze shifts and kinematic events was analyzed, showing that gaze shifts entered and exited landmark zones in a manner consistent with task progress. 8. **Spatial Accuracy of Saccadic Gaze Shifts**: The spatial accuracy of saccadic gaze shifts in manipulation was assessed, with results indicating that gaze shifts were generally accurate despite the presence of obstacles. 9. **Shortcomings in Peripheral Vision**: The study also addressed the impact of preventing eye movements and relying on peripheral vision and memory, highlighting the importance of gaze in manipulative behavior. Overall, the study provides insights into how gaze supports hand movement planning and the role of specific landmarks in guiding object manipulation tasks.
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Understanding Eye%E2%80%93Hand Coordination in Object Manipulation