Chandra Talpade Mohanty's chapter "Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses" addresses the construction of "Third World feminisms" by critiquing Western feminist discourse and formulating autonomous feminist strategies. The chapter focuses on the deconstruction of the singular, monolithic "Third World woman" as a subject in Western feminist texts. Mohanty argues that Western feminist scholarship often appropriates and codifies knowledge about women in the Third World, using analytic categories that assume a universal and homogeneous oppression of women. This approach distorts the complexities and heterogeneity of women's experiences and erases their agency and historical specificity. Mohanty critiques three analytic principles in Western feminist discourse: the strategic location of "women" as an already constituted, coherent group; the uncritical validation of universality and cross-cultural validity; and the model of power and struggle implied by these analyses. She argues that these principles lead to the construction of a homogeneous notion of women's oppression, which in turn produces an image of an "average Third World woman" as a victim of male violence, colonial processes, religious ideologies, and economic development. The chapter provides examples of how these analytic strategies are applied in various contexts, such as female genital mutilation, dependency relationships, colonial impact, familial systems, religious ideologies, and economic development. Mohanty emphasizes the need to understand the specific historical and cultural contexts of women's experiences to avoid reducing them to a monolithic group. She highlights the importance of recognizing the complexities and contradictions in women's lives and the need for strategic coalitions across class, race, and national boundaries. Finally, Mohanty discusses methodological universalisms, critiquing the use of arithmetic methods and abstract concepts like reproduction, the sexual division of labor, and patriarchy without considering their cultural and historical contexts. She argues that these approaches are analytically reductive and ineffective for developing effective political strategies against oppression.Chandra Talpade Mohanty's chapter "Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses" addresses the construction of "Third World feminisms" by critiquing Western feminist discourse and formulating autonomous feminist strategies. The chapter focuses on the deconstruction of the singular, monolithic "Third World woman" as a subject in Western feminist texts. Mohanty argues that Western feminist scholarship often appropriates and codifies knowledge about women in the Third World, using analytic categories that assume a universal and homogeneous oppression of women. This approach distorts the complexities and heterogeneity of women's experiences and erases their agency and historical specificity. Mohanty critiques three analytic principles in Western feminist discourse: the strategic location of "women" as an already constituted, coherent group; the uncritical validation of universality and cross-cultural validity; and the model of power and struggle implied by these analyses. She argues that these principles lead to the construction of a homogeneous notion of women's oppression, which in turn produces an image of an "average Third World woman" as a victim of male violence, colonial processes, religious ideologies, and economic development. The chapter provides examples of how these analytic strategies are applied in various contexts, such as female genital mutilation, dependency relationships, colonial impact, familial systems, religious ideologies, and economic development. Mohanty emphasizes the need to understand the specific historical and cultural contexts of women's experiences to avoid reducing them to a monolithic group. She highlights the importance of recognizing the complexities and contradictions in women's lives and the need for strategic coalitions across class, race, and national boundaries. Finally, Mohanty discusses methodological universalisms, critiquing the use of arithmetic methods and abstract concepts like reproduction, the sexual division of labor, and patriarchy without considering their cultural and historical contexts. She argues that these approaches are analytically reductive and ineffective for developing effective political strategies against oppression.