Facilitative glucose transporters (Glut proteins) are a family of 12 transmembrane segment transporters that mediate glucose transport across cell membranes. Six Glut isoforms (Glut1–5 and Glut7) have been identified, each with distinct kinetic and regulatory properties. Glut1 is widely expressed and plays a key role in glucose transport across epithelial and endothelial barriers. Glut2 is a high-Km transporter found in hepatocytes, pancreatic β-cells, and intestinal and renal epithelial cells, facilitating high-capacity glucose transport. Glut3 is a low-Km transporter in neurons, while Glut4 is insulin-sensitive and involved in glucose disposal in fat and muscle. Glut5 is a fructose transporter in sperm and intestinal cells, and Glut7 is found in the endoplasmic reticulum. Glut proteins are essential for glucose homeostasis, mediating glucose exchange between blood and cells. They are involved in various physiological processes, including brain glucose supply, glucose sensing in β-cells, and glucose transport in epithelial cells. Glut1 is the most ubiquitously expressed isoform, found in many tissues, including the brain and placenta. Glut2 is crucial for glucose sensing and regulation in the liver and pancreas. Glut3 is primarily expressed in neurons, while Glut4 is regulated by insulin and plays a key role in glucose uptake in fat and muscle. Regulation of Glut proteins is complex and influenced by various factors, including insulin, growth factors, and metabolic conditions. Glut1 expression is regulated by growth stimuli and is involved in glucose transport in cultured cells. Glut2 expression is modulated by blood glucose levels and is affected in diabetes. Glut4 expression is insulin-sensitive and is recruited to the plasma membrane in response to insulin, playing a critical role in glucose disposal in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. The structure of Glut proteins is highly conserved, with Glut1 being the most conserved. They are composed of 12 transmembrane segments and have distinct functional roles in glucose transport. Glut1 is a major glucose transporter in red blood cells and is involved in glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier. Glut2 is a high-capacity transporter in the liver and pancreas, while Glut4 is primarily expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues. The regulation of these transporters is crucial for maintaining glucose homeostasis and is affected in various metabolic disorders, including diabetes.Facilitative glucose transporters (Glut proteins) are a family of 12 transmembrane segment transporters that mediate glucose transport across cell membranes. Six Glut isoforms (Glut1–5 and Glut7) have been identified, each with distinct kinetic and regulatory properties. Glut1 is widely expressed and plays a key role in glucose transport across epithelial and endothelial barriers. Glut2 is a high-Km transporter found in hepatocytes, pancreatic β-cells, and intestinal and renal epithelial cells, facilitating high-capacity glucose transport. Glut3 is a low-Km transporter in neurons, while Glut4 is insulin-sensitive and involved in glucose disposal in fat and muscle. Glut5 is a fructose transporter in sperm and intestinal cells, and Glut7 is found in the endoplasmic reticulum. Glut proteins are essential for glucose homeostasis, mediating glucose exchange between blood and cells. They are involved in various physiological processes, including brain glucose supply, glucose sensing in β-cells, and glucose transport in epithelial cells. Glut1 is the most ubiquitously expressed isoform, found in many tissues, including the brain and placenta. Glut2 is crucial for glucose sensing and regulation in the liver and pancreas. Glut3 is primarily expressed in neurons, while Glut4 is regulated by insulin and plays a key role in glucose uptake in fat and muscle. Regulation of Glut proteins is complex and influenced by various factors, including insulin, growth factors, and metabolic conditions. Glut1 expression is regulated by growth stimuli and is involved in glucose transport in cultured cells. Glut2 expression is modulated by blood glucose levels and is affected in diabetes. Glut4 expression is insulin-sensitive and is recruited to the plasma membrane in response to insulin, playing a critical role in glucose disposal in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. The structure of Glut proteins is highly conserved, with Glut1 being the most conserved. They are composed of 12 transmembrane segments and have distinct functional roles in glucose transport. Glut1 is a major glucose transporter in red blood cells and is involved in glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier. Glut2 is a high-capacity transporter in the liver and pancreas, while Glut4 is primarily expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues. The regulation of these transporters is crucial for maintaining glucose homeostasis and is affected in various metabolic disorders, including diabetes.