This systematic review examines the impact of alternative farming practices on biodiversity across different biomes and seven taxonomic groups (arthropods, birds, mammals, nematodes, earthworms, bacteria, and fungi). The study identified 35 alternative practices, such as no-tillage, cover crops, and organic fertilizers, from 331 studies. The findings indicate that no single practice enhances all taxonomic groups, but overall, less intensive agricultural practices are beneficial to biodiversity. However, many practices had no observed effects, and very rarely, contrasting impacts were observed between aboveground and belowground taxa. Species responses to practices were consistent across biomes, except for fertilization. The review concludes that alternative practices generally enhance biodiversity, but there is variation in their impacts depending on the taxonomic group or type of practice. This suggests the need for careful selection of practices to secure biodiversity in future food systems. The study also highlights the importance of integrating functional and trophic aspects of biodiversity and community composition in future research.This systematic review examines the impact of alternative farming practices on biodiversity across different biomes and seven taxonomic groups (arthropods, birds, mammals, nematodes, earthworms, bacteria, and fungi). The study identified 35 alternative practices, such as no-tillage, cover crops, and organic fertilizers, from 331 studies. The findings indicate that no single practice enhances all taxonomic groups, but overall, less intensive agricultural practices are beneficial to biodiversity. However, many practices had no observed effects, and very rarely, contrasting impacts were observed between aboveground and belowground taxa. Species responses to practices were consistent across biomes, except for fertilization. The review concludes that alternative practices generally enhance biodiversity, but there is variation in their impacts depending on the taxonomic group or type of practice. This suggests the need for careful selection of practices to secure biodiversity in future food systems. The study also highlights the importance of integrating functional and trophic aspects of biodiversity and community composition in future research.