A systematic review of 90 studies found that 80% were conducted in Europe, with over one-third in the UK. The median proportion of non-fatal self-harm repetition within one year was 16%, and after more than nine years, around 7% of patients had died by suicide. UK studies showed particularly low suicide rates. Non-fatal repetition rates after self-harm were estimated at 15% within one year, with a slow rise to 20-25% over the following years. Suicide risk among self-harm patients was hundreds of times higher than in the general population. The review highlighted the need for accurate estimates of repetition and suicide rates to develop effective interventions. The study found that suicide risk was between 0.5% and 2% after one year and over 5% after nine years. The review also noted that suicide findings were inconsistent due to low quality scores and variability in study designs. The UK had lower suicide rates compared to other regions, but the overall findings were too imprecise to rely on. The review emphasized the importance of large-scale studies to improve understanding of the link between self-harm and suicide. The study concluded that non-fatal self-harm is a major risk factor for suicide, and that effective interventions are needed to reduce suicide rates. The review also highlighted the need for better data sharing in primary care to improve outcomes for patients treated only in primary care. The study recommended large, well-designed clinical trials to evaluate interventions after non-fatal self-harm. The review found that the link between self-harm and suicide is strong, with suicide occurring in between 1 in 200 and 1 in 40 self-harm patients within the first year, and around 1 in 15 after nine years. Non-fatal repetition was common, with about one in six patients repeating self-harm within a year and one in four after four years. The UK estimates of suicide rates after self-harm were lower than other studies, but the overall findings were too imprecise to rely on. The review concluded that national suicide prevention strategies should be based on up-to-date research into non-fatal self-harm. High-quality follow-up studies of self-harm were needed to keep these strategies relevant to clinical needs. The study recommended large, well-designed clinical trials to evaluate interventions after non-fatal self-harm.A systematic review of 90 studies found that 80% were conducted in Europe, with over one-third in the UK. The median proportion of non-fatal self-harm repetition within one year was 16%, and after more than nine years, around 7% of patients had died by suicide. UK studies showed particularly low suicide rates. Non-fatal repetition rates after self-harm were estimated at 15% within one year, with a slow rise to 20-25% over the following years. Suicide risk among self-harm patients was hundreds of times higher than in the general population. The review highlighted the need for accurate estimates of repetition and suicide rates to develop effective interventions. The study found that suicide risk was between 0.5% and 2% after one year and over 5% after nine years. The review also noted that suicide findings were inconsistent due to low quality scores and variability in study designs. The UK had lower suicide rates compared to other regions, but the overall findings were too imprecise to rely on. The review emphasized the importance of large-scale studies to improve understanding of the link between self-harm and suicide. The study concluded that non-fatal self-harm is a major risk factor for suicide, and that effective interventions are needed to reduce suicide rates. The review also highlighted the need for better data sharing in primary care to improve outcomes for patients treated only in primary care. The study recommended large, well-designed clinical trials to evaluate interventions after non-fatal self-harm. The review found that the link between self-harm and suicide is strong, with suicide occurring in between 1 in 200 and 1 in 40 self-harm patients within the first year, and around 1 in 15 after nine years. Non-fatal repetition was common, with about one in six patients repeating self-harm within a year and one in four after four years. The UK estimates of suicide rates after self-harm were lower than other studies, but the overall findings were too imprecise to rely on. The review concluded that national suicide prevention strategies should be based on up-to-date research into non-fatal self-harm. High-quality follow-up studies of self-harm were needed to keep these strategies relevant to clinical needs. The study recommended large, well-designed clinical trials to evaluate interventions after non-fatal self-harm.